When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnât sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple saplings getting bitten by insects release a spurt of chemicals that float through the air. You and I wouldnât notice, but these chemicals carry a slight odor that neighboring plants can detect. Itâs a little like a silent scream.
These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. Maybe not an intentional warning like, âWatch Out! Aphid Attack!â but more like a simple distress call like, âAphids! Aphids! Aphids!â or, âAttack! Attack!â The chemicals the plants pump through the air are a blend of organic molecules â alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters â known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.â
Animals bark, sing, growl and chat. Plants, one would think, just sit there. But it turns out that plants bark, growl and chat as well. Hereâs how they do it.
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed a soft, stretchy skin patch that can be worn on the neck to continuously track blood pressure and heart rate while measuring the wearerâs levels of glucose as well as lactate, alcohol or caffeine. It is the first wearable device that monitors cardiovascular signals and multiple biochemical levels in the human body at the same time.
Researchers unlocked the electronic properties of graphene by folding the material like origami paper.
Researchers at Monash Universityâs Department of Chemical Engineering, IITB-Monash Research Academy Mumbai, and The Indian Institute of Technologyâs Department of Chemical Engineering have used reactive flash volatilisation (RFV) gasification technology to produce hydrogen using microalgae, giving rise to newer and cleaner forms of energy.
Popular energy drinks may give you a boost, but they may also contribute to possible serious heart conditions, findings show.
A team of researchers, led by a Texas A&M University professor, has found that some energy drinks have adverse effects on the muscle cells of the heart.
The study, led by Dr. Ivan Rusyn, a professor in the Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (VIBS) Department at the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS), was published in Food and Chemical Toxicology. In it, researchers observed cardiomyocytes â human heart cells grown in a laboratory â exposed to some energy drinks showed an increased beat rate and other factors affecting cardiac function.
Stimuli-responsive control of drug activation can mitigate issues caused by poor drug selectivity. Now, it has been shown that mechanical forceâinduced by ultrasoundâcan be used to activate drugs in three different systems. This approach has enabled the activation of antibiotics or a cytotoxic anticancer agent from synthetic polymers, polyaptamers and nanoparticle assemblies.
The giant Martian sandstorm of 2018 wasnât just a wild ride â it also gave us a previously undetected gas in the planetâs atmosphere. For the first time, the ExoMars orbiter sampled traces of hydrogen chloride, composed of a hydrogen and a chlorine atom.
This gas presents Mars scientists with a new mystery to solve: how it got there.
âWeâve discovered hydrogen chloride for the first time on Mars,â said physicist Kevin Olsen of the University of Oxford in the UK.
New enzyme catalysts are usually engineered by repurposing the active sites of natural proteins. Here we show that design and directed evolution can be used to transform a non-natural, functionally naive zinc-binding protein into a highly active catalyst for an abiological hetero-DielsâAlder reaction. The artificial metalloenzyme achieves 104 turnovers per active site, exerts absolute control over reaction pathway and product stereochemistry, and displays a catalytic proficiency (1/KTS = 2.9 Ă 1010 Mâ1) that exceeds all previously characterized DielsâAlderases. These properties capitalize on effective Lewis acid catalysis, a chemical strategy for accelerating DielsâAlder reactions common in the laboratory but so far unknown in nature. Extension of this approach to other metal ions and other de novo scaffolds may propel the design field in exciting new directions.
Reactions at the interface between water and other phases play important roles in various chemical settings. Now, ultrafast phase-sensitive interface-selective vibrational spectroscopy has revealed that the photoionization of phenol can occur four orders of magnitude faster at the water surface than in the bulk aqueous phase.