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Category: biotech/medical – Page 934

Research identifies protein that protects healthy joints from osteoarthritis

A previously unstudied protein in the framework of osteoarthritis may be critical in the prevention of the disease, according to groundbreaking new research published in the journal Science Advances, which included work by Justin Parreno, an assistant professor at the University of Delaware.

Osteoarthritis is an irreversible, painful and debilitating condition of the joints characterized by breakdown of the that cushions the ends of the bones, called articular cartilage. It occurs most often in the hands, knees or hips and is the most common type of arthritis, affecting more than 32.5 million Americans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Parreno was a doctoral student at the University of Toronto when he found that the protein called adseverin helps keep the healthy. This is the first time a specific protein associated with has been identified to be protective against osteoarthritis.

Mineralization of bone matrix regulates tumor cell growth

Tumor cells are known to be fickle sleeper agents, often lying dormant in distant tissues for years before reactivating and forming metastasis. Numerous factors have been studied to understand why the activation occurs, from cells and molecules to other components in the so-called tissue microenvironment.

Now, an interdisciplinary Cornell University team has identified a new mechanism regulating growth in the skeleton, the primary site of breast cancer metastasis: mineralization of the bone matrix, a fibrous mesh of organic and inorganic components that determines the unique biochemical and biomechanical properties of our skeleton.

The team’s paper, “Bone-Matrix Mineralization Dampens Integrin-Mediated Mechanosignalling and Metastatic Progression in Breast Cancer,” published Aug. 7 in Nature Biomedical Engineering. The co-lead authors are research associate Siyoung Choi and doctoral student Matthew Whitman.

Detection of Various Microplastics in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Microplastics have been detected in human stool, lungs, and placentas, which have direct exposure to the external environment through various body cavities, including the oral/anal cavity and uterine/vaginal cavity. Crucial data on microplastic exposure in completely enclosed human organs are still lacking. Herein, we used a laser direct infrared chemical imaging system and scanning electron microscopy to investigate whether microplastics exist in the human heart and its surrounding tissues. Microplastic specimens were collected from 15 cardiac surgery patients, including 6 pericardia, 6 epicardial adipose tissues, 11 pericardial adipose tissues, 3 myocardia, 5 left atrial appendages, and 7 pairs of pre-and postoperative venous blood samples.

🤖AI vs. Capitalism: 🔥How AI will Rise In a Post-Capitalist Society — Peter Diamandis

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Peter’s entrepreneurial spirit, fascination with space travel and thirst to innovate are central to his core business philosophy and approach of “exponential thinking”. He advocates that technology and innovation progress exponentially and that disruptive technologies and entrepreneurial approaches can solve humanity’s most significant challenges and create a future of abundance.

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A.I. Could Solve Some of Humanity’s Hardest Problems. It Already Has

Since the release of ChatGPT, huge amounts of attention and funding have been directed toward chatbots. These A.I. systems are trained on copious amounts of human-generated data and designed to predict the next word in a given sentence. They are hilarious and eerie and at times dangerous.

But what if, instead of building A.I. systems that mimic humans, we built those systems to solve some of the most vexing problems facing humanity?

In 2020, Google DeepMind unveiled AlphaFold, an A.I. system that uses deep learning to solve one of the most important challenges in all of biology: the so-called protein-folding problem. The ability to predict the shape of proteins is essential for addressing numerous scientific challenges, from vaccine and drug development to curing genetic diseases. But in the 50-plus years since the protein-folding problem had been discovered, scientists had made frustratingly little progress.

Enter AlphaFold. By 2022, the system had identified 200 million protein shapes, nearly all the proteins known to humans. And DeepMind is also building similar systems to accelerate efforts at nuclear fusion and has spun off Isomorphic Labs, a company developing A.I. tools for drug discovery.

Demis Hassabis is the chief executive of Google DeepMind and the leading architect behind AlphaFold. So I asked him on the show to talk me through how AlphaFold actually works, the kinds of problems similar systems could solve and what an alternative pathway for A.I. development could look like.

Mentioned:

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Is Glutamate A Marker Of Low NAD?

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Advancing human healthspan: Longevity Summit Dublin’s agenda unveiled

The Longevity Summit Dublin is dedicated to the recognition of emerging research developments aimed at extending the human healthspan. This much-anticipated event brings together leading scientists from around the world, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange in pursuit of this critical objective.

The summit serves as a premier platform for showcasing the latest research and innovations within the longevity industry. Notably, keynote presentations by esteemed experts in the aging field provide valuable insights into the advancements being made towards enhancing overall well-being and extending lifespans.

Longevity. Technology: Scheduled to take place from the 17th to the 20th of August 2023, the Longevity Summit Dublin boasts a remarkable lineup of over 40 pioneering scientists, researchers and executives, as well as high net-worth investors – all of the attendees share a common focus on addressing the challenges posed by chronic diseases.

Is breast cancer more common on the left side?

A study published in Nature last fall suggests that breast cancer is slightly more common on the left side of the body than it is on the right. That same study also indicates that left-sided breast cancer is more aggressive and associated with poorer treatment outcomes.

But what does that mean for people with breast cancer? And, is there anything you can do about it if you have left-sided breast cancer? We went to medical oncologist Giancarlo Moscol, M.D., who specializes in the treatment of breast cancers. Here’s what he shared.

So, is breast cancer more common on the left side than on the right?

Editorial: Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy

This research topic consists of 148 articles on various aspects of brain augmentation contributed by more than 600 authors. At the time of writing, the articles have been viewed online more than 1.3 million times and received plentiful citations in the scientific literature. The topic won the 2017 Frontiers Spotlight Award.

The topic theme, “Augmentation of brain function,” is an umbrella term for the approaches from different disciplines, aimed at the improvement of brain performance in both healthy people and patients suffering from neurological disabilities. Functions of the brain that scientists hope to augment belong to sensory, motor and cognitive domains. Brain enhancements could be achieved pharmacologically or using neurostimulation. Functional improvements can be also achieved with brain training techniques that employ modern technologies like computer games and virtual reality. Furthermore, brain performance can be augmented using brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), the pathways that connect neuronal circuits to external assistive devices, such as limb prostheses, exoskeletons, and communication aids. In addition to sending commands to external devices, BMIs can enable bidirectional communications, where artificial sensory signals are delivered to the brain while information is being decoded from neural recordings.

Even though many of the brain-augmenting ideas sound like science fiction, the topic authors feel optimistic about most of them. The overall consensus is that brain performance can be improved with artificial components, and this approach will lead to practical applications in the not-too-distant future. Many of the techniques covered in the topic, for example BMIs and noninvasive stimulation, have already experienced an explosive development. While expectations are high for the augmentation approaches, philosophers are warning about the ethical issues related to technologies that interfere with the mind, possibly in unpredictable ways. Although some of these concerns seem far-fetched, it is important that ethical standards are kept high as these revolutionary brain-augmenting methods are being developed.

Cutting Edge Levitation Technologies Aim to Revolutionize Bioprinting and Space Travel

A new project is using cutting-edge levitation techniques to make bioprinting heart models and other complex tissues a reality.

Dubbed PULSE, the project combines the recently developed techniques of acoustic levitation and magnetic levitation to manipulate individual components without actually touching them. It’s a process that the researchers involved hope will one day facilitate the bioprinting of organs and other human tissues in much greater detail and complexity than what is achievable with current techniques.

If perfected, the researchers also hope this type of bioprinting could even help on long-term space missions as more accurate organ models can create more accurate defenses against radiation and other stresses of space travel.