Scentists have uncovered a fascinating link between ancient viruses and the development of myelination, the biological process crucial for the advanced functioning of the nervous system in vertebrates, including humans.
Scientists discovered a gene, ‘RetroMyelin,’ from ancient viruses, essential for myelination in vertebrates, suggesting viral sequences in early vertebrate genomes were pivotal for developing complex brains. This breakthrough in Cell unravels how myelination evolved, highlighting its significance in vertebrate diversity.
“We’ve used the mutations that give cancer cells their staying power to engineer what we call a ‘Judo T-cell therapy’ that can survive and thrive in the harsh conditions that tumors create,” said co-author Kole Roybal.
CAR-T cells: CAR-T cell therapy starts with doctors extracting T cells — a type of white blood cell — from a cancer patient’s blood. They then engineer the T cells to display proteins called “chimeric antigen receptors” (CARs) that bind to cancer cells.
Scientists at the University of Illinois Chicago and Harvard University have developed an antibiotic that could give medicine a new weapon to fight drug-resistant bacteria and the diseases they cause.
The antibiotic, cresomycin, described in Science, effectively suppresses pathogenic bacteria that have become resistant to many commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs.
The promising novel antibiotic is the latest finding for a longtime research partnership between the group of Yury Polikanov, associate professor of biological sciences at UIC, and colleagues at Harvard. The UIC scientists provide critical insights into cellular mechanisms and structure that help the researchers at Harvard design and synthesize new drugs.
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Scientists at The University of Texas at Austin have discovered how an aggressive and deadly form of leukemia fuels its growth. In an experimental study, they were able to curb the cancer’s growth without harming healthy cells. The finding provides clues for future drug developers about how to increase the effectiveness of one type of chemotherapy.
The study, led by Xiaolu Cambronne of the Department of Molecular Biosciences, in collaboration also with researchers at Dell Medical School and in the Department of Nutritional Sciences, is published in Cell Metabolism.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer that starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. Known for rapid expansion, the cancer kills approximately 11,000 Americans each year. Most of the cases of AML occur in adults over 65, a population that often responds poorly to aggressive treatments, such as bone marrow transplants, and thus has limited options.
The challenge is huge: There’s a lot we don’t understand about Alzheimer’s disease, but we do know that patient’s brains tend to accumulate toxic tau and amyloid-beta proteins, so most research has focused on those targets.
That approach has led to new drugs that can slow the progression of Alzheimer’s to a small degree, but we’ve yet to find anything that can reverse the damage the disease does to the brain.
The big idea: Synapses — the connections between brain neurons — need a protein called “KIBRA” in order to form memories, and there’s a link between certain variants of the KIBRA gene and developing Alzheimer’s.
Nanotechnology is intimately intertwined with efforts to bring bottom-up synthetic cell research to the forefront, and only strengthening these bonds will expand the scope of what this might achieve.
This Review explores the development of ingestible electronics and provides a step-by-step guide for the design of ingestible electronic capsules at the system level.
