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An international team of researchers, from Imperial College London and the University of Melbourne in Australia, has demonstrated a new AI system that can effectively predict survival rates from ovarian cancer better than any current conventional method available to doctors.

Cell replacement may play an increasing role in alleviating the symptoms such as movement problems and memory loss of Parkinson’s disease (PD), researchers say. (Photo: iStockphoto)

The team will transplant 2 million cells into the spines of the patients, who will then go through rehabilitation and be monitored for a year. Photo: Handout.

The Longevity Therapeutics Summit was focused on therapeutics that target aging, rather than basic research or theory.

This was the first year for the Longevity Therapeutics Summit in San Francisco, California. Ably organized by Hanson Wade, with John Lewis, CEO of Oisín Biotechnologies, as program chair, the conference focused on senolytics for senescent cell clearance, big data and AI in finding new drugs (“in silico” testing), delivery systems for therapeutics like senolytics, TORC1 drugs, and biomarkers of aging, and the challenges of clinical trial development and FDA approval.

The conference featured a smorgasbord of cutting-edge longevity research, and, as the name implies, the general focus was on therapeutics that target aging, rather than basic research or theory.

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An MIT-led research team has developed a drug capsule that could be used to deliver oral doses of insulin, potentially replacing the injections that people with type 1 diabetes have to give themselves every day. About the size of a blueberry, the capsule contains a small needle made of compressed insulin, which is injected after the capsule reaches the stomach. In tests in animals, the researchers showed that they could deliver enough insulin to lower blood sugar to levels comparable to those produced by injections given through skin. They also demonstrated that the device can be adapted to deliver other protein drugs.

Capsule that releases insulin in the stomach could replace injections for patients with type 1 diabetes.

In the life-threatening condition known as sepsis, the body responds to infection by inducing widespread biochemical changes that make the situation worse, some of which can lead to a severe decline in blood pressure. Several molecular factors that alter the constriction of blood vessels are involved in this decline, including nitric oxide, prostaglandins and oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide. In 2010, kynurenine — a metabolic product of the amino acid tryptophan — was identified as another factor that causes blood vessels to widen during sepsis. Writing in Nature, Stanley et al. (who work in the same laboratory as the researchers who identified kynurenine) now say that they got the wrong culprit.

Nine years ago, the compound kynurenine was reported to be responsible for the dilation of blood vessels during a potentially fatal inflammatory condition. New evidence has now identified the true culprit. A re-evaluation of a factor involved in vasodilation.

Most people have at some point echoed Macbeth’s complaint about the loss of “sleep that knits up the ravelled sleeve of care”. Sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnoea (when breathing temporarily stops, causing both sleep disruption and lack of oxygen in blood) and sleep deprivation, have been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and its harmful cardiovascular effects^,. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of ‘plaques’ in arteries, as white blood cells enter the artery wall, take up cholesterol and other substances from the blood and trigger an inflammatory response. However, the mechanisms linking sleep disruption and atherosclerosis have been largely unknown. Writing in Nature, McAlpine et al. show that persistent sleep disruption causes the brain to signal the bone marrow to increase the production of white blood cells.

McAlpine et al. studied mice that were prone to developing atherosclerosis. The authors induced sleep fragmentation by moving a bar intermittently across the bottom of the animals’ cages during their sleep period (Fig. 1), and compared these animals with animals that slept normally. They found that mice with sleep fragmentation had more-severe atherosclerosis, which was paralleled by increases in the production of white blood cells in the bone marrow and in the numbers of monocytes and neutrophils — two types of white blood cell — in the blood. These effects were absent if the bar was moved when the mice were fully awake. Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (which is associated with the ‘fight-or-flight’ response), and such activation increases the production of white blood cells and atherosclerosis in other experimental settings. However, the authors did not find evidence for a role of sympathetic activation in their setting.

Imagine taking medicine oblivious to the fact that a food allergy can effect you taking simply medicine.

Certain substances derived from foodstuffs are used as excipients in drugs and vaccines for their pharmaceutical properties. Some of these food-derived excipients contain food proteins either intentionally or unintentionally as contaminants. As such, patients who have IgE antibodies directed against these food proteins are theoretically at risk for allergic reactions when exposed to the food proteins in the medications. However, such reactions are quite rare, usually because the amount of food protein is not present in a large enough quantity to elicit a reaction or because the particular protein is not a common allergen. When the food protein appears as an unintentional contaminant, the amount of protein, if any, that is present might be variable and might elicit reactions only from some lots of medication that happen to contain more of the food protein or illicit reactions only in patients who are exquisitely sensitive or happen to have IgE antibodies directed against a particular epitope in the contaminating protein. In most circumstances these medications should not be routinely withheld from patients who have particular food allergies because the overwhelming majority will tolerate the medications uneventfully. However, if a particular patient has had an apparent allergic reaction to the medication, allergy to the food component should be investigated as a possible cause. Even in this circumstance (ie, an allergic reaction to a medication in a patient allergic to a particular food and the presence of the food protein in the medication), the food protein would still have to be demonstrated to be causal by using appropriate testing because other allergens present in the medication could have been the cause or the medication might be capable of non–IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.

The sweet smell of success: dogs are a diabetic’s best friend.