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Category: biotech/medical – Page 149

Sphingosine simultaneously inhibits nuclear import and activates PP2A by binding importins and PPP2R1A

Mechanism of sphingosine mediated tumor suppression.

Both sphingosine and ceramide suppress tumor growth, but the molecular details of this regulation are currently unclear.

Sphingosine-like compounds bind to their target proteins and trigger structural changes that activate PP2A (the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) scaffold (PPP2R1A)) and inhibit the importins (KPNB1, TNPO1, IPO7, IPO5).

Together, these actions disable proteins that drive cancer initiation and progression (e.g., YAP, JUN, MYC, the androgen receptor, hnRNPA1, NF-κB, and ribosomal proteins) by triggering their proteasomal degradation and/or inhibiting their nuclear import.

Together, these pathways elicit more robust effects than activating PP2A or inhibiting importins individually.

The effect of endogenous sphingosine on these oncoproteins is limited by its metabolic conversion into ceramide or sphingosine-1-phosphate. https://sciencemission.com/Sphingosine-simultaneously-inhibits

Involvement of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncles in GAA-FGF14 Ataxia

This study found that involvement of the superior cerebellar peduncles is frequent in patients with GAA-FGF14 ataxia (SCA27B)

ObjectivesGAA-FGF14 ataxia (SCA27B) is a recently reported late-onset ataxia caused by a GAA repeat expansion in intron 1 of the FGF14 gene. After the clinical observation of superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) involvement in some affected patients, we sought to verify the prevalence of this finding in our cohort and 4 additional independent cohorts of patients with SCA27B.

Displays, imaging and sensing: New blue fluorophore breaks efficiency records in both solids and solutions

A new blue fluorescent molecule set new top emission efficiencies in both solid and liquid states, according to a University of Michigan-led study that could pave the way for applications in technology and medicine.

Able to absorb light and emit it at lower energy levels, called fluorophores glow in OLED displays and help doctors and scientists figure out what’s happening in cells and tissues. They need to be solid in displays and many sensing applications, but liquids are typically preferred for biological uses. Most fluorophores don’t work well in both forms, but this one does.

The study, “Elucidating the molecular structural origin of efficient emission across solid and solution phases of single benzene fluorophores,” is published in the journal Nature Communications.

Neuropsychological evidence of a third visual pathway specialized for social perception

Recent evidence suggests the existence of a neural pathway specialized for social perception projecting between the well-established “what” and “where” pathways. A new study of neuropsychological patients demonstrates that this social pathway is causally essential for recognizing dynamic facial expressions.

Researchers find immune pathway in joint tissue involved in early rheumatoid arthritis

A new study by scientists at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus reveals that joint tissue from patients with early-stage rheumatoid arthritis often have high levels of a protein called granzyme used by the immune system to attack pathogens.

The study also detected remnants of a bacteria that causes —gingivitis—in the . While a connection between gingivitis and rheumatoid arthritis has long been suspected, this is the first time physical evidence of the bacteria in the has been detected.

Researchers said the findings strongly support the hypothesis that these bacteria, initially colonizing gum tissue, somehow drive the development of rheumatoid arthritis, at least in some patients. How the bacteria get into the joints remains unknown. These findings, they said, could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of this chronic disease.

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