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Mechanism resembling aging and cancer found in a Finnish mitochondrial disease

A study has found that a mitochondrial disease in newborns shows cancer-like changes in proliferating cells, causing tissues to age prematurely. The finding is a significant step forward in understanding the syndrome and developing treatments for mitochondrial diseases.

GRACILE syndrome, a that is one of the Finnish heritage diseases, shows altered and proliferation resembling that of . In the future, similar could potentially be treated by limiting excessive cell proliferation. This is demonstrated in a study led by docent Jukka Kallijärvi and professor emerita Vineta Fellman that was carried out at the Folkhälsan Research Center and the University of Helsinki and published in Nature Communications in April 2023.

Mitochondria are organelles responsible for a large portion of cellular energy metabolism. Mutations in genes required for mitochondrial functions cause mitochondrial diseases in humans. GRACILE syndrome is caused by a malfunction in the respiratory chain, the very system the mitochondria utilize to generate cellular energy. The onset of the syndrome is in the fetal period, manifesting after birth as a liver and kidney disease with severe metabolic complications. Newborns with the syndrome usually only survive a few weeks.

Chemotherapy drug reaches brain in humans for first time

A major impediment to treating the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma has been that the most potent chemotherapy can’t permeate the blood-brain barrier to reach the aggressive brain tumor.

But now Northwestern Medicine scientists report results of the first in-human clinical trial in which they used a novel, skull-implantable ultrasound device to open the and repeatedly permeate large, critical regions of the to deliver chemotherapy that was injected intravenously.

The four-minute procedure to open the blood-brain barrier is performed with the patient awake, and patients go home after a few hours. The results show the treatment is safe and well tolerated, with some patients getting up to six cycles of treatment.

Study offers fresh hope for people living with chronic back pain

Long-term sufferers of chronic back pain experienced dramatic reductions in pain and related disability that remained at their one-year follow-up after taking part in a new treatment tested by Curtin-Macquarie-Monash University research.

Published today in the journal The Lancet, the research found large clinically significant improvements in the intensity of pain and pain-related disability among almost 500 people who had been seeking help for their pain for an average of four years before trialing the new treatment.

The treatment, which delivered a health care and work productivity saving of more than $5,000 per person, took a whole-person approach by also helping people to make lifestyle changes aimed at improving their social and emotional health.

Scientists Engineer Longevity in Cells With a Hack That Extends Lifespan

Our cells naturally degrade over time, which is part of the reason we’re not as mobile and sprightly aged 80 as we are aged 8. Now scientists have figured out a way to boost cell lifespan and longevity using a synthetic genetic ‘clock’.

Researchers from the University of California San Diego based their findings on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, making it unlikely that humans might live forever any time soon – but the team thinks that the work could be developed to eventually help the human body age in a healthier way.

By ‘rewiring’ the yeast cells, the researchers were able to boost their lifespan by 82 percent on average. It’s a promising development in the control of cellular aging and treating age-related conditions.

Some interesting organisms of the ocean

Biology is so freaking cool! So, I made a list (with fun facts and pictures) of just a small subset of the world’s many amazing ocean creatures. This makes me think: imagine if we knew as much about all these creatures as we know about the human body. I would love a set of nice thick copies of “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” except that each one is devoted to a different oceanic organism.


cover image credit: Ryo Minemizu (for more, see https://www.ryo-minemizu.com/)

Anglerfish https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglerfish

Notes: males are tiny compared to females. In many species of anglerfish, mating occurs through males attaching to and then fusing with females such that their circulatory systems join together. The male provides sperm and is eventually absorbed into the female.

Researchers develop gene-edited stem cells to reduce arrhythmias in heart attack patients

In a recent study published in the journal Cell Stem Cell, researchers hypothesized that pacemaker-like activity of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) resulted in engraftment arrhythmias (EAs), which hampers the clinical use of cell-based therapy using hPSC-CMs for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI).

Study: Gene editing to prevent ventricular arrhythmias associated with cardiomyocyte cell therapy. Image Credit: FrentaN / Shutterstock.

Using plasma against toxic PFAS chemicals

Harmful PFAS chemicals can now be detected in many soils and bodies of water. Removing them using conventional filter techniques is costly and almost infeasible. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB are now successfully implementing a plasma-based technology in the AtWaPlas joint research project.

Contaminated water is fed into a combined glass and stainless steel cylinder where it is then treated with ionized gas, i.e., plasma. This reduces the PFAS molecular chains, allowing the to be removed at a low cost.

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have many special properties. As they are thermally and chemically stable as well as resistant to water, grease and dirt, they can be found in a large number of everyday products: Pizza boxes and baking paper are coated with them, for example, and shampoos and creams also contain PFAS. In industry they serve as extinguishing and wetting agents, and in agriculture they are used in plant protection products.

Green Tea & Cancer — Studies show interesting results, but there may be unwanted side effects

Dr. Ralph W. Moss and his son Ben discuss the anti-cancer properties and challenges of consuming green tea as a part of a healthy diet.

Program Notes:

Green tea and cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a review of the current epidemiological evidence — https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-020-00710-7

The Bairati Study of Antioxidants and Radiation – 2005 and 2008

The Bairati Study of Antioxidants and Radiation – 2005 and 2008

The Moss Method™ – Guide to Cancer Drug and Supplement Conflicts.

The Moss Method™ – Guide to Cancer Drug and Supplement Conflicts

Olive Oil & Cancer.

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