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New acute myeloid leukemia “don’t eat me” signal discovered!

Macrophages, much like Alice of “Alice in Wonderland,” recognize and consume tumor cells that display “eat me” surface markers. However, tumor cells can evade detection by macrophages if they successfully present “don’t eat me” signals.

The team conducted a genome-scale loss of function screen in AML cell lines, systematically turning off individual genes and cataloging those that affected detection by macrophages.

Surprisingly, the classic CD47 “don’t eat me” signal had only a weak effect. Instead, the researchers found that another signal—CD43—had a much stronger influence on macrophage detection.

The inhibitory activity of CD43 was dependent on its sialic acid residues and the length of its ectodomain but independent of the canonical sialic acid–binding receptors SIGLEC-1, SIGLEC-7, and SIGLEC-9.

Inactivation of CD43 function restored the ability of macrophages to phagocytize AML. ScienceMission sciencenewshighlights.

One DNA letter can trigger complete sex reversal

Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have discovered that changing just one letter in DNA can completely alter sex development in mice. In the new study, published in Nature Communications, a single-letter insertion in a non-coding regulatory region caused XX mice, which would normally develop as females, to develop instead as males with testis and male genitalia.

The finding is especially striking because the mutation was not made in a gene itself, but in a distant stretch of DNA that helps control a key developmental gene. The study highlights the major role of the non-coding genome —the 98% of DNA that does not make proteins but helps regulate when and how genes are turned on and off.

“This is a remarkable finding because such a tiny change—just one DNA letter out of approximately 2.8 billion—was enough to produce a dramatic developmental outcome,” said Dr. Nitzan Gonen, from the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials at Bar-Ilan University. “It shows that non-coding DNA can have a profound effect on development and disease.”

Longitudinal study links associative learning gains to later improvements in fluid intelligence

As children grow, their capacity to memorize associations and their ability to solve novel problems actively reinforce each other. New research suggests that these core cognitive skills develop together in a bidirectional loop during elementary school.

Gravitational waves may be hidden in the light atoms emit

“Our findings may open a route toward compact gravitational-wave sensing, where the relevant atomic ensemble is millimeter-scale,” said Navdeep Arya, a postdoctoral researcher at Stockholm University. “A thorough noise analysis is necessary to assess practical feasibility, but our first estimates are promising.”

If confirmed, this approach could eventually lead to much smaller and more accessible detectors, offering a new way to observe some of the universe’s most dramatic events.

Enucleated cells with Nectin-1 overexpression capture HSV-1 and promote viral elimination for herpes simplex encephalitis therapy

Zhou et al. describe an antiviral strategy for herpes simplex encephalitis that employs enucleated MSCs overexpressing Nectin-1 as decoys. This strategy effectively sequesters the virus and prevents its intracellular replication. Ultimately, they undergo programmed apoptosis, thereby facilitating macrophage-mediated clearance. This strategy offers a therapeutic approach for refractory viral infections.

Physics-Informed LSTM for Fatigue Life Prediction of Rubber Isolators under Thermo-Mechanical Coupling

【】 Full article: (Authored by Shen Liu and Fei Meng, from University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China.)

Rubber supports are essential in automotive, heavy machinery, and aerospace engineering. They offer excellent hyper elasticity, viscoelastic dissipation, and noise reduction. However, their fatigue evolution under coupled thermo-mechanical loading is exceptionally complex. This study develops an LSTM-Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework that integrates prior physical knowledge transfer with Partial Differential Equation (PDE) constraints, to address the challenge of predicting the fatigue life of rubber_isolators under thermo-mechanical-damage coupling.

Abstract

Rubber supports are ubiquitous in modern vibration isolation systems. Their fatigue evolution under coupled thermo-mechanical loading is exceptionally complex. Traditional life prediction methods rely heavily on empirical formulas. These methods often lack accuracy and extrapolation capabilities under varying temperatures. To address this, we propose a novel LSTM-PINN architecture. This framework integrates physical constitutive relations and temperature effects into a neural network. We used transfer learning to extract baseline physical data across wide temperature ranges. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers capture sequential loading features. We embedded partial differential equations (PDEs) into the loss function. These PDEs are based on strain energy density (SED) and Arrhenius thermodynamics. This approach ensures strict adherence to physical laws. Results demonstrate that LSTM-PINN achieves high precision even with small datasets. It also exhibits superior out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. This framework provides a new paradigm for evaluating the reliability of rubber components.

Rubber Isolator, Fatigue Life, PINN, LSTM, Thermo–Mechanical Coupling

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