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They found that increased Hh signaling is a hallmark of human meibomian gland carcinoma, a rare and aggressive cancer of the eyelid. Furthermore, the team discovered that aged glands show decreased Hh signaling and decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, as well as impaired innervation and a loss of collagen in niche fibroblasts, suggesting that changes in both glandular epithelial cells and their surrounding microenvironment contribute to age-related degeneration.
These discoveries suggest that targeting Hh and EGFR signaling to stimulate stem cell activity in the meibomian glands could be a potential therapeutic option to treat evaporative dry eye disease.
A team of researchers has identified stem cell populations and mechanisms underlying age-related degeneration in glands that are vital to eye function. The findings, published in Nature Communications, may lead to new therapeutic approaches for evaporative dry eye disease, a common condition in older people.
Meibomian glands, tiny oil glands along the edges of the eyelids, secrete lipid-rich meibum to prevent tear evaporation and protect the eye surface. Aging-related shrinkage of the meibomian glands may result, in part, from stem cell exhaustion and is associated with evaporative dry eye disease, a common condition that causes swollen eyelids, itchy eyes, or blurred vision. Symptoms may be lessened with warm compressions, artificial tears, and thermal pulsation, but these treatments are only partially effective.
The researchers identified markers for stem cell populations that maintain distinct regions of the meibomian glands, and uncovered the hedgehog (Hh) cell-cell signaling pathway, which is broadly important in development and disease, as a key regulator of meibomian gland stem cell proliferation and tissue regeneration.
Reelin is a critical mechanistic link between neuronal activation and cocaine-induced behavioral adaptations.
UCLA Health researchers have helped to develop a new digital toolbox to create a “common language” for brain network studies, potentially accelerating new discoveries and treatments for neurological and psychiatric conditions.
In a study recently published in the journal Nature Communications, the authors say the open-source software will help researchers worldwide overcome a longstanding hurdle in brain imaging research.
“As long as people have been interested in studying the brain, they have tried to map it out by answering a basic question: how many brain regions are there?” said study senior author Lucina Uddin, a UCLA Health Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Professor and Director of the UCLA Brain Connectivity and Cognition Laboratory.
This cohort study examines the incidence and proportion of interval cancer and screen-detected breast cancer and identifies factors associated with interval cancer.
An intense x-ray pulse from a free-electron laser sends a protein’s atoms flying off in directions that reveal the protein’s structure.
Experiments with erbium ions show that they can be used to create entangled photons in the telecom band—an important step in building quantum repeaters.
An international team of astronomers reports the detection of four new gamma-ray millisecond pulsars using the Murriyang radio telescope at the Parkes Observatory in Australia. The discovery was detailed in a research paper published March 16 on the arXiv preprint server.
Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars emitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation. The most rapidly rotating pulsars, with rotation periods below 30 milliseconds, are known as millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Astronomers assume that they are formed in binary systems when the initially more massive component turns into a neutron star that is then spun up due to accretion of matter from the secondary star.
Now, a group of astronomers led by Matthew Kerr of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, DC, has detected four new MSPs with spin periods below four milliseconds. The discovery was made using the Murriyang radio telescope as part of the search for gamma-ray sources.
A research team has successfully developed a technology that utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) to predict the synthesizability of novel materials and interpret the basis for such predictions. The team was led by Seoul National University’s Professor Yousung Jung and conducted in collaboration with Fordham University in the United States.
The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the novel material design process by filtering out material candidates with low synthesizability in advance or optimizing previously challenging-to-synthesize materials into more feasible forms.
The study, with Postdoctoral Researcher Seongmin Kim as the first author, was published in two chemistry journals: the Journal of the American Chemical Society on July 11, 2024, and Angewandte Chemie International Edition on February 13, 2025.
Researchers from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Lehigh University have developed a nanostructured copper alloy that could redefine high-temperature materials for aerospace, defense, and industrial applications.
Their findings, published in the journal Science, introduce a Cu-Ta-Li (copper-tantalum-lithium) alloy with exceptional thermal stability and mechanical strength, making it one of the most resilient copper-based materials ever created.
“This is cutting-edge science, developing a new material that uniquely combines copper’s excellent conductivity with strength and durability on the scale of nickel-based superalloys,” said Martin Harmer, the Alcoa Foundation Professor Emeritus of Materials Science and Engineering at Lehigh University and a co-author of the study. “It provides industry and the military with the foundation to create new materials for hypersonics and high-performance turbine engines.”
