Only about 5% of the universe is composed of normal matter that we can directly observe, while the remaining 95% is widely believed to consist of dark matter and dark energy. Paradoxically, however, the nature of these dark components remains unknown. Is this due to limitations in our observational capabilities, or does it reflect a more fundamental incompleteness in the classical laws of physics that have long underpinned our understanding of the universe?

In a recent study published in the International Journal of Modern Physics D, I proposed that dark matter and dark energy may not correspond to physically existing substances, but could instead emerge as effective phenomena arising from the quantum nature of gravity.