TIL therapy for glioblastoma.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has demonstrated encouraging efficacy in melanoma and nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is now being explored for glioblastoma despite its immunologically ‘cold’ microenvironment.

Recent studies confirm that functional TILs can be expanded from cold tumors such as glioblastoma, including solid tumor resections and aspirates, overcoming previous feasibility concerns.

Advances in cytokine support, gene editing, and artificial antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are improving TIL persistence, cytotoxicity, and manufacturing scalability.

Focused ultrasound and nanoparticle delivery offer innovative solutions to enhance TIL infiltration across the blood– brain barrier. Integration of spatial multi-omics enables high-resolution mapping of immune niches and identification of tumorreactive clones.

Combination strategies with checkpoint blockade, myeloid modulation, and oncolytic virotherapy are emerging as rational paths to enhance TIL efficacy sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/TIL-therapy-17895

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has demonstrated efficacy in refractory melanoma and durable responses in lung cancer. Glioblastoma presents distinct challenges for immunotherapy, including profound tumor heterogeneity, low T cell infiltration, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment, but these same features highlight the unique rationale for TILs. Unlike monoclonal engineered approaches, TILs retain natural polyclonality, enabling recognition of a diverse set of tumor-associated antigens and potential adaptation to the evolving antigenic landscape. Preliminary studies have already shown that tumor-reactive TILs can be successfully isolated and expanded from glioblastoma specimens, providing feasibility for clinical translation.