Capital Medical University, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, reports that betaine, a molecule produced in the kidney and enhanced through sustained exercise, operates as a potent inhibitor of inflammatory and aging-related pathways.

Regular physical activity boosts health across cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological systems. Scientists have traced improvements in immune function, insulin sensitivity, clearing of senescent cells and tissue regeneration to consistent physical activity. Earlier animal studies suggested that long-term exercise can delay aging processes and reduce vulnerability to chronic disease.

Precise molecular explanations for how sustained exercise reshapes human biology remain incomplete. Many investigations have focused on single biomarkers or isolated tissues, leaving a need for systematic maps that can connect exercise to measurable physiological benefits. Specific factors capable of mimicking exercise’s protective effects without requiring continuous physical exertion have remained unclear.