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Part 3 of the groundbreaking but less-known theory of quantum mechanics proposed by Louis de Broglie in 1923. In this video de Broglie’s unification of wave and particles using his matter waves to show that Fermat’s principle of ray optics is equivalent to Maupertuis’ principle for the dynamics of particles. Although incomplete, this corresponds to the early development of de Broglie’s pilot-wave theory.

∘ Pilot-wave theory (part 1): the origin of de Broglie’s matter waves https://youtu.be/YQNEziGyDxU
∘ Pilot-wave theory (part 2): explaining Bohr’s atom https://youtu.be/5MMs6iFSiY8
∘ This is how the wave-particle duality of light was discovered https://youtu.be/f7JvywBOGYY
∘ Playlist Quantum Physics https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH

∘ L. de Broglie, “Ondes et quanta,” Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Aadémie des Sciences (Paris), 177,507 (1923)
∘ L. de Broglie, “Quanta de lumière, diffraction et interférences,” Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Aadémie des Sciences (Paris), 177,548 (1923)
∘ L. de Broglie, “Les quanta, la théorie cinétique des gaz et le principe de Fermat,” Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Aadémie des Sciences (Paris), 177,630 (1923)
∘ F. Grimaldi, “Physico-mathesis de lumine, coloribus et iride aliisque adnexis” (1665)
∘ I. Newton, “Optiks” (1704)
∘ L. de Broglie, “On the Theory of Quanta,” translation of doctoral thesis, Foundation Louis De Broglie (1924)
∘ A. Einstein, “Quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas, Part II” Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 3, (1925)

M. de Broglie, public domain.
Diffraction half plane with rays, by MikeRun under CC BY-SA 4.0
Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco via Google Earth.
Matter Waves, AT&T Archives and History Center (1961)
Francesco Grimaldi, public domain.
First edition of Opticks, public domain.
Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller, public domain.
Light refraction, by ajizai, public domain.
Interference pattern, by J.S. Diaz (own work)
Polarization clamp, by A.Davidhazy under CC BY-SA 4.0
Light bulb through diffraction grating, by R.D. Anderson under CC BY-SA 3.0
Davisson and Germer, public domain.
Davisson-Germer Figure 2, public domain.
Fifth Solvay Conference, AIP
Refraction with soda straw, by Bcrowell under CC BY-SA 1.0
Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, public domain.
P. Langevin, public domain.
Peter Debye, AIP
Portrait of Erwin Schrodinger, AIP
Eels Swimming in Aquarium by M. Ehlers, free use via Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/eels-swimming-in-aquarium-10106765/

AIP: American Institute of Physics, Emilio Segrè Visual Archives.
CC BY-SA 1.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/deed.en.
CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en.
CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en.
CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en