Exosomes are small vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm. They originate from cellular endocytic systems. These vesicles contain a rich payload of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolic products. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and are key regulators of a diverse array of biological processes, such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, exosomes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Aging is closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous diseases and is significantly influenced by exosomes. Recent studies have consistently highlighted the important functions of exosomes in the regulation of cellular senescence.