Without the work of Michael Faraday, we wouldn’t have Teslas or nearly any modern mechanical thing for that matter. Faraday’s work and invention in the realm of electricity changed the world forever.
Faraday is the inventor of electrolysis, balloons, electric motors, generators, dynamos, and more. If you weren’t aware of Faraday’s work, you might at least recognize him from the cage that keeps his namesake, the Faraday cage.
This paper presents an extensive literature review on Light-Emitting Diode (LED) fundamentals and discusses the historical development of LEDs, focusing on the material selection, design employed, and modifications used in increasing the light output. It traces the evolutionary trajectory of the efficiency enhancement of ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, and red LEDs. It rigorously examines the diverse applications of LEDs, spanning from solid-state lighting to cutting-edge display technology, and their emerging role in microbial deactivation. A detailed overview of current trends and prospects in lighting and display technology is presented. Using the literature, this review offers valuable insights into the application of UV LEDs for microbial and potential viral disinfection.
When injured, cells have well-regulated responses to promote healing. These include a long-studied self-destruction process that cleans up dead and damaged cells as well as a more recently identified phenomenon that helps older cells revert to what appears to be a younger state to help grow back healthy tissue.
Now, a new study in mice led by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the Baylor College of Medicine reveals a previously unknown cellular purging process that may help injured cells revert to a stem cell-like state more rapidly. The investigators dubbed this newly discovered response cathartocytosis, taking from Greek root words that mean cellular cleansing.
Published online in the journal Cell Reports, the study used a mouse model of stomach injury to provide new insights into how cells heal, or fail to heal, in response to damage, such as from an infection or inflammatory disease.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health challenge, with over 296 million people chronically infected worldwide. Despite the availability of antiviral therapies, a functional cure is rarely achieved, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a pivotal epitranscriptomic mark implicated in RNA stability, transport, and translation. Emerging evidence shows that m5C is conserved within HBV RNA and plays critical roles in the viral life cycle. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing m5C deposition and recognition, summarizes recent advances in m5C biology, and highlights the emerging role of epitranscriptomic m5C regulation in HBV infection.
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Engineers at the University of Pennsylvania have successfully sent quantum signals over a standard internet connection with fiber-optic cables in the real world. The researchers have published their work in Science, taking the quantum internet from theory to reality by using existing internet systems.
Quantum signals are famously weak, unable to be measured without losing their quantum entanglement and becoming unreadable with too much noise. But engineers have managed to send the signals over the same busy internet infrastructure that standard IP signals occupy.
