With a 400-mile range and solar capabilities, Aptera’s solar EVs are setting the stage for sustainability and accessibility.
Discover how Aptera Motors achieved $33 million through its community-led Accelerator Program to fuel production for its solar electric vehicle.
NatPower H and Zaha Hadid Architects team up for a 100 million euro project, introducing 100 hydrogen refueling stations for pleasure boating.
Explore the future of eco-friendly pleasure boating with Zaha Hadid Architects’ newly released hydrogen refueling stations.
The Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris in France recently hosted a set of “socially assistive” robots to help lighten the workload for its human staff.
A Scottish advanced artificial intelligence team has helped trial a team of ‘socially assistive’ robots in a Parisian hospital.
Continue reading “French hospital trials ‘socially assistive’ robots to help the elderly” »
NASA’s SCALPSS 1.0, aboard Nova-C lander, captures lunar surface changes in 3D during descent, aiding future lunar infrastructure planning.
Dive into lunar dynamics with NASA’s SCALPSS 1.0, providing real-time insights on the Moon’s surface alterations during spacecraft landings.
The hypersatellite is allegedly an integrated sensing network satellite that contains a sixth-generation ‘brain system.’
Chinese media claims that Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center has launched the ‘world’s first in-orbit artificial intelligence (AI)’ commercial hypersatellite.
China’s People’s Liberation Army is on the market for robotic special operations robots or UAVs that can operate independently for a long period.
China’s PLA unit 78,092 has publically announced its intention to develop robotic autonomous special operations drones.
OSIRIS-REx principal investigator Dante Lauretta told New Scientist that asteroid Bennu may have been “an ancient ocean world.”
A Stanford Medicine study identifies an easily measured biophysical property that can identify Type 2 diabetics at increased risk for liver cancer who don’t meet current screening guidelines.
The immune system helps fight off disease and allows our bodies to maintain a state of healthy function, known as homeostasis. In this regard, the immune system is made of two distinct responses that act in concert with one another to provide a synergistic and complimentary response against invading pathogens. The first response is the innate immune response, which recognizes infections through various intercellular pathways. The cells then alert or communicate danger to surrounding cells generating a cascade effect. The innate immune system is known to be immediate and less specific than its counterpart the adaptive immune response.
In the second stage of immunity, the adaptive immune response attacks foreign pathogens with more specificity and rigor. The adaptive immune system is slow compared to the innate, however, once an infection infiltrates the immune system then immune memory toward that pathogen will develop. This immune memory will reduce the response time of the adaptive immune system and quickly get rid of the infection the second time. This is the concept behind vaccines. Through pre-exposure of a disease, the body can build up an immunity towards it and provide adequate response next time it encounters the disease. The two immune responses are inter-related and work together to create a strong, well-conducted barrier against invaders.
The immune system communicates in various ways to trigger a complete response. Cells release proteins or cytokines to send messages to one another to signal an attack on the immune system. Cytokines help to control an immune response including inflammation. However, researchers have previously discovered that too much release of cytokines can cause toxicity. This can occur during a severe infection when cells are trying to overcompensate and lyse the disease. As a result, abundant cytokines flood the infected area and generate cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or a “cytokine storm”. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CRS was a major point of concern as individuals were developing CRS toxicity in addition to the COVID-19 virus. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), are major components responsible for CRS. Therefore, many different treatments have been used to target these cytokines to avoid secondary infection.
Norovirus, a highly infectious virus that is the leading cause of diarrhea and vomiting in the U.S., has no approved therapeutics or vaccines to prevent its miserable effects. This is partly due to a lack of reliable animal models to study norovirus infection and predict how effective interventions would be in people. To solve this, NIAID scientists have developed an animal model to study human norovirus infection that could help facilitate the development of new vaccines and therapeutics to treat norovirus infection. Findings from this research were published Feb. 6 in Nature Microbiology.
Human norovirus causes illness in tens of millions of people in the U.S. each year and, in some cases, can result in hospitalization and even death. It is easily spread when people ingest foods, drinks or particles from surfaces contaminated by virus from the stool or vomit of an infected individual. Noroviruses are genetically diverse, with different genogroups—groups characterized by genetic similarity—of the virus infecting different species of animals. Several genogroups of noroviruses infect people without similarly infecting animals. This has led to difficulties in establishing an animal model for human norovirus infection.
Following up on earlier evidence that rhesus macaque monkeys could develop norovirus infections, a team of researchers led by scientists at NIAID’s Vaccine Research Center set out to determine whether macaques could serve as an effective animal model for the human disease. The macaques were challenged with several genotypes of human noroviruses at once. Throughout the experiment, the animals were kept in biocontainment, and their health and behavior were carefully monitored. Levels of virus in the animals’ stool were measured, and antibodies against norovirus in the animals’ blood serum were analyzed. The researchers found that the macaques were susceptible to viral infection with at least two genotypes of norovirus, with similar antibody responses, shedding of virus in stool, and pathology as in human norovirus infection. Notably, the infections in the animals did not result in clinical symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
