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Drexel University researchers have reported a method to quickly identify and label mutated versions of the virus that causes COVID-19. Their preliminary analysis, using information from a global database of genetic information gleaned from coronavirus testing, suggests that there are at least six to 10 slightly different versions of the virus infecting people in America, some of which are either the same as, or have subsequently evolved from, strains directly from Asia, while others are the same as those found in Europe.

First developed as a way of parsing to get a snapshot of the mix of bacteria, the genetic analysis tool teases out patterns from volumes of genetic information and can identify whether a virus has genetically changed. They can then use the pattern to categorize viruses with using tags called Informative Subtype Markers (ISM).

Applying the same method to process viral genetic data can quickly detect and categorize slight genetic variations in the SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, the group reported in a paper recently posted on the preliminary research archive, bioRxiv. The genetic analysis tool that generates these labels is publicly available for COVID-19 researchers on GitHub.

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In particle physics, we try to understand reality by looking for smaller and smaller building blocks. But what if that has been the wrong philosophy all along?

In standard use, the S-matrix can be calculated if you understand the forces in the interaction region – for example, in the nucleus of an atom. But what if you don’t know those internal interaction forces? Heisenberg sought a way to ignore that internal structure and, rather, treat the S-matrix as fundamental. The S-matrix was to become the physics of the interaction, rather than an emergent property of more fundamental, internal physics. Heisenberg’s made some progress in the 40s, but the approach came into its own 20 years later when the atomic nucleus refused to give up its mysteries.

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April 16, 2020: A meteor impacted the earth in Akure, Nigeria at an angle of 43 degrees on March 28, 2020. The space rock left a large crater and created an ejecta blast zone that damaged many structures. #AsteroidImpact #MeteorExplosion #CometSwan

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In an act that defies physics as we know, Washington State University physicists have just created a fluid with negative mass. Apply pressure to the liquid and instead of accelerating in the direction it was pushed (like every other physical object in the world), it accelerates backward. Michael Forbes, a WSU assistant professor of physics and astronomy, believes the phenomenon can be used to explore some of the more challenging concepts of the cosmos.

“Hypothetically, matter can have negative mass in the same sense that an electric charge can be either negative or positive,” the University’s website notes. “People rarely think in these terms, and our everyday world sees only the positive aspects of Isaac Newton’s Second Law of Motion, in which the force is equal to the mass of an object times its acceleration, or F=ma.”

This explains why mass will typically accelerate in the direction of the force that is pushing it.

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