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A research team including a University of Michigan scientist has discovered a new gold-sulfur complex that helps researchers understand how gold deposits are formed.
Gold in ore deposits associated with volcanoes around the Pacific Ring of Fire originates in Earth’s mantle and is transported by magma to its surface. But how that gold is brought to the surface has been a subject of debate. Now, the research team has used numerical modeling to reveal the specific conditions that lead to the enrichment of gold in magmas that rise from the Earth’s mantle to its surface.
Specifically, the model reveals the importance of a gold-trisulfur complex whose existence has been vigorously debated, according to Adam Simon, U-M professor of Earth and environmental sciences and co-author of the study.
Extraterrestrial and artificial life have long captivated the human mind. Knowing only the building blocks of our own biosphere, can we predict how life may exist on other planets? What factors will rein in the Frankensteinian life forms we hope to build in laboratories here on Earth?
An open-access paper published in Interface Focus and co-authored by several SFI researchers takes these questions out of the realm of science fiction and into scientific laws.
Reviewing case studies from thermodynamics, computation, genetics, cellular development, brain science, ecology, and evolution, the paper concludes that certain fundamental limits prevent some forms of life from ever existing.
A research group led by Prof. Yao Baoli and Dr. Xu Xiaohao from Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have revealed a full-gray optical trap in structured light, which is able to capture nanoparticles but appears at the region where the intensity is neither maximized nor minimized. The study is published in Physical Review A.
The optical trap is one of the greatest findings in optics and photonics. Since the pioneering work by Arthur Ashkin in the 1970s, the optical trap has been employed in a broad range of applications in life sciences, physics, and engineering. Akin to its thermal and acoustic counterparts, this trap is typically either bright or dark, located at the field intensity maxima or minima.
In this study, researchers developed a high-order multipole model for gradient forces based on multipole expansion theory. Through immersing the Si particles in the structured light with a petal-shaped field, they found that the high-order multipole gradient forces can trap Si particles at the optical intensity, which is neither maximized nor minimized.
A research team led by Prof. Nie Guangjun from the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and collaborators have demonstrated a tumor membrane antigens-based nanovaccine derived from liposomal doxorubicin treated tumor tissues, which is efficacious in inducing a potent immunological defense against tumors. The study is published online in Cell Reports Medicine.
For solid tumor surgeries, challenges remain in postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis. The correlation between postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis and the host’s antitumor immune status is well-established. Personalized cancer vaccines, using the patient’s own tumor as an antigen source, stimulate a robust immune response that is efficacious in eliminating residual neoplastic foci following surgical intervention as well as in targeting metastatic lesions at a distance, significantly reducing the risk of postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis.
The efficacy of autologous tumor cells in clinical trials has been limited by their weak immunogenicity. The tumor membrane contains tumor-presented antigens and associated antigens, which can be developed into a personalized antigen library that more accurately reflects the expression of tumor antigens. Vaccines based on autologous tumor cell membrane antigens have been developed.
ZMQ-1, a novel aluminosilicate zeolite with interconnected meso-microporous channels, addresses limitations of traditional zeolites by enhancing stability and catalytic efficiency.
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking aluminosilicate zeolite, ZMQ-1, designed with a distinctive intersecting meso-microporous channel system. This innovation is poised to significantly improve catalytic processes in the petrochemical industry.
Published in Nature, the study presents ZMQ-1 as the first aluminosilicate zeolite featuring interconnected intrinsic 28-ring mesopores. This breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges in zeolite design, including limitations in pore size, stability, and catalytic efficiency.
In-plane magnetic fields unveil novel Hall effect behaviors in advanced materials, transforming our understanding of electronic transport.
Researchers from the Institute of Science Tokyo have reported that in-plane magnetic fields induce an anomalous Hall effect in EuCd₂Sb₂ films. By investigating how these fields alter the electronic structure, the team uncovered a significant in-plane anomalous Hall effect. This discovery opens new avenues for controlling electronic transport in magnetic fields, with potential applications in magnetic sensors.
The Hall effect, a fundamental phenomenon in material science, occurs when a material carrying an electric current is subjected to a magnetic field, creating a voltage perpendicular to both the current and the field. While the Hall effect has been extensively studied in materials under out-of-plane magnetic fields, the effects of in-plane magnetic fields have received comparatively little attention.
The all-in-one optical fiber spectrometer offers a compact microscale design with performance on par with traditional laboratory-based systems.
Miniaturized spectroscopy systems capable of detecting trace concentrations at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels are critical for applications such as environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and biomedical diagnostics.
However, conventional bench-top spectroscopy systems are often too large, complex, and impractical for use in confined spaces. Traditional laser spectroscopy techniques rely on bulky components—including light sources, mirrors, detectors, and gas cells—to measure light absorption or scattering. This makes them unsuitable for minimally invasive applications, such as intravascular diagnostics, where compactness and precision are essential.
The Solar Orbiter mission has produced unprecedented high-resolution images of the Sun, showcasing the complex interplay of its magnetic fields and plasma movements. These images, which include detailed views of sunspots and the corona, enhance our understanding of solar phenomena.
