Here, Johann de Bono, Luke Gaughan & team identify the protein TRA2B as being key for the synthesis of AR-Vs.
1Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
2The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
3The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
4Newcastle University Bioinformatics Service Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
Scientists have developed a new way to fight gum disease without wiping out the mouth’s helpful bacteria—a major shift from traditional treatments. Instead of killing everything, this targeted approach blocks only the harmful microbes that drive periodontitis, allowing beneficial bacteria to thrive and restore balance naturally.
The debilitating, chronic loss of joint cartilage known as osteoarthritis causes pain and bone decay for hundreds of millions of people every day, but new help may be on the way – in the form of a simple, single shot.
Based on ongoing animal experiments, injecting a carefully engineered, slow-release drug-delivery system into the damaged joint can coax the body’s own cartilage and bone cells to carry out an effective repair job in just a few weeks.
“In two years, we were able to go from a moonshot idea to developing these therapies to demonstrating that they reverse osteoarthritis in animals,” says chemical and biological engineer Stephanie Bryant, from the University of Colorado (UC) Boulder.
Fine-tuning petal senescence is crucial for the manipulation of flower longevity and genetic improvement. Yang et al. propose a TgFbox1-TgNAC2-TgWIN1 regulatory cascade that integrates ABA and ethylene signaling pathways with cuticular wax biosynthesis to govern petal senescence in a developmentally stage-dependent manner.
In a paradigm-breaking study, researchers have discovered a novel way the immune system, specifically Tcells, attack their target cells, reshaping long-held assumptions in immunology and demonstrating direct implications for the field of cancer immunology and bone marrow transplantation. The team consists of Dr. Pavan Reddy, director of the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) and his team, in collaboration with Drs. Arul Chinnaiyan, S P Hicks Endowed Professor of Pathology, and Marcin Cieslik, assistant professor of pathology, both from University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center. The study is published in Nature Immunology.
Rewriting the rules of T cell biology The immune system relies on molecules called major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) to detect external “threats” to the body, including from cancerous or foreign (allogeneic) cells. Historically, MHC class I molecules were believed to present signals only to CD8+ T cells (“killer” T cells), while MHC II activated CD4+ T cells (“helper” T cells). This division of MHC class roles guided decades of immunology and cancer research.
In an example of collaborative work, Reddy’s graduate students Emma Lauder and Meng-Chih Wu from BCM and Chinnaiyan and Cieslik’s student Mahnoor Gondal, from University of Michigan, worked with colleagues on various components of the work that spanned several years. The work challenges this foundational MHC class-restricted dichotomy and reveals a previously unrecognized role for the class I pathway in CD4+ T cell–mediated immune defense.
Malignant tumors are sneaky. They tend to fly under the immune system’s radar because, unlike invaders such as viruses or bacteria, cancer cells arise from normal cells, so they bear many of the same familiar molecules on their surface.
Once tumors are established, they become even more adept at hiding out from the immune system. They might cloak themselves in proteins to block immune cells from entering them or undergo genetic changes to further reduce the chance that disease-fighting cells will notice anything is amiss.
【】 Full article: (Authored by Yu Bai and Fei Meng, from University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China.)
Engineering load signals support durability analysis because they reflect real service conditions. Long-duration load histories are essential for fatigue-life prediction and reliability assessment. However, long-term field measurements are often costly and difficult to obtain. Therefore, extending short measurements into representative long histories is practically important. This study proposes a frequency-consistent diffusion_model (FCDM) for long-horizon extrapolation of non-stationary bearing load signals under turning conditions. load_extrapolation.
This study proposes a frequency-consistent diffusion model (FCDM) for long-horizon extrapolation of non-stationary bearing load signals. Condition tokens and spectral-consistency constraints are introduced to preserve spectral and fatigue-related characteristics during tenfold extrapolation. The generated signals are evaluated using PSD, band-energy proportion, Range-Mean distribution, and unit pseudo-damage. Compared with DDPM, FCDM better preserves dominant frequencies, harmonic structure, and band-energy allocation. The dominant frequency error is 1.02%, and the mean harmonic error is 0.52%. FCDM also shows smaller band-energy allocation errors across all frequency bands. In addition, it reproduces the bimodal clustering pattern in the Range-Mean distribution more accurately. The unit pseudo-damage is 1.0978 for FCDM and 1.1280 for DDPM. These results indicate that FCDM improves spectral fidelity and fatigue-related consistency in long-sequence load extrapolation.
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