Menu

Blog

Page 7382

May 7, 2020

Satellite images reveal North Korea is building a giant facility which could hold nuclear missiles capable of hitting the United States

Posted by in categories: existential risks, military

Satellite images suggest North Korea has almost built a facility large enough to store all of its nuclear missiles.

May 7, 2020

Community First! Village 3D-Printed Affordable Homes

Posted by in categories: 3D printing, habitats

At 500 square feet, ICON’s stylish new structure was 3D-printed over the course of several days—but it only took 27 hours of labor to construct. The building will serve as a welcome center at Austin’s new Community First! Village—a 51-acre development that will provide affordable housing to men and women coming out of chronic homelessness. Six new 3D-printed homes will be added to the village by the end of this year—and ICON says that they can be built at significantly less cost than conventional homes.


A year ago, ICON proved it could 3D print a home you’d actually want to live in. Now, it’s building a cluster of 3D-printed homes for the homeless.

Continue reading “Community First! Village 3D-Printed Affordable Homes” »

May 7, 2020

Daily briefing: A dark-matter detector powered by the ‘fifth state of matter’

Posted by in category: biotech/medical

Dark-matter device will use a Bose–Einstein condensate of rubidium-87 atoms to search for axions. Plus, the science still isn’t clear on how children spread the coronavirus and the month’s best science images. Dark-matter device will use super-cooled atoms to search for axions. Plus, the science still isn’t clear on how children spread the coronavirus and the month’s best science images.

May 7, 2020

Alloy clear for use in high-temperature reactors

Posted by in categories: materials, nuclear energy

Alloy 617 — a combination of nickel, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum — has been approved by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for inclusion in its Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. This means the alloy, which was tested by Idaho National Laboratory (INL), can be used in proposed molten salt, high-temperature, gas-cooled or sodium reactors. It is the first new material to be added to the Code in 30 years.

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code lays out design rules for how much stress is acceptable and specifies the materials that can be used for power plant construction, including in nuclear power plants. Adhering to these specifications ensures component safety and performance.

INL spent 12 years qualifying Alloy 617, with a USD15 million investment from the US Department of Energy. A team at INL, in collaboration with groups at Argonne National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, as well as industry consultants and international partners, has now received approval from ASME for the alloy’s inclusion in the Code. Designers working on new high-temperature nuclear power plant concepts now have more options when it comes to component construction materials.

May 7, 2020

Quantum resonances near absolute zero

Posted by in categories: chemistry, energy, quantum physics

Recently, Prof. Yang Xueming from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. Yang Tiangang from the Southern University of Science and Technology discussed significant advances in the study of quantum resonances in atomic and molecular collisions at near absolute zero temperature. Their article was published in Science on May 7.

The rules of quantum mechanics govern all atomic and molecular processes. Understanding the quantum nature of atomic and is essential for understanding energy transfer and chemical reaction processes, especially in the low collisional energy region, where quantum effect is the most prominent.

A remarkable feature of quantum nature in atomic and molecular collision is quantum scattering resonances, but probing them experimentally has been a great challenge due to the transient nature of these resonances.

May 7, 2020

Moderna shares surge after FDA approves coronavirus vaccine for phase 2 trial

Posted by in category: biotech/medical

The company said it expects to “incur significant expenses this year” related to the development of and manufacturing of its potential vaccine. However, it added that it expects “a close matching of expenses and reimbursements for those expenses” from its award by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority.

BARDA, which is a part of the Department of Health and Human Services, last month warded Moderna up to $483 million in funding to accelerate development of the Covid-19 vaccine candidate.

The race to develop anything to fight the coronavirus is intensely competitive and investors are watching closely for signs of progress on treatments and vaccines. Moderna, as well as other companies in the race, is ramping up manufacturing ahead of approval so that it can rapidly distribute doses if their candidate proves effective against the virus and safe for humans.

May 7, 2020

Laser loop couples quantum systems over a distance

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, computing, nanotechnology, quantum physics

For the first time, researchers have succeeded in creating strong coupling between quantum systems over a great distance. They accomplished this with a novel method in which a laser loop connects the systems, enabling nearly lossless exchange of information and strong interaction between them. In the journal Science, physicists from the University of Basel and University of Hanover reported that the new method opens up new possibilities in quantum networks and quantum sensor technology.

Quantum technology is currently one of the most active fields of research worldwide. It takes advantage of the special properties of quantum mechanical states of atoms, light, or nanostructures to develop, for example, novel sensors for medicine and navigation, networks for information processing and powerful simulators for materials sciences. Generating these quantum states normally requires a between the systems involved, such as between several atoms or nanostructures.

Until now, however, sufficiently strong interactions were limited to short distances. Typically, two systems had to be placed close to each other on the same chip at low temperatures or in the same vacuum chamber, where they interact via electrostatic or magnetostatic forces. Coupling them across larger distances, however, is required for many applications such as or certain types of sensors.

May 7, 2020

Degenerate Quantum Gases (BEC, DFG)

Posted by in categories: particle physics, quantum physics

Einstein bose condensate can make ultra powerful lasers. bigsmile


The general understanding of nature involves three, sometimes four states of matter. We all are well aware of solids, liquids and gases, plus – if we think about stars – plasmas. The state in which a specific “matter” is found depends on the relation between interaction energy and temperature. In 1924, a revolutionary article was published by Bose and Einstein theoretically describing that particles should undergo a phase transition at low temperatures even if there is no or negligible interaction between them. This phase transition would not rely on an interaction between the particles but occur only due to quantum statistical effects relying on the indistinguishable nature of particles with integer spin (called bosons). This was a striking prediction and it took 71 years until this phase transition could clearly be observed in dilute atomic gases by three research groups in 1995. Only 6 years later, the Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to E. A. Cornell, W. Ketterle and C. E. Wieman “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates”. The headline was simpler: “New state of matter revealed: Bose-Einstein condensate”. This was just a beginning of a still exploding research field. Not only are Bose-Einstein condensate the coldest things in universe – temperatures below one nK (1 billionth of a K above absolute zero) have been observed, they also show unique properties, e.g. behave as one giant matter wave. Weakly interacting particles with half integer spin (Fermions) do not undergo a phase transition to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Still one can cool them so far that quantum statistical effects dominate. The system is called degenerate Fermi gas (DFG) and again strange behavior occurs. Both types of degenerate quantum gases, BEC and DFG, are investigated in optical lattices to study solid state physics. New methods for precise tuning of the atomic interaction were used to study effects of High-Tc super conductivity, to create molecular BECs or to investigate dipolar BECs.

Formation of Bose-Einstein condensates

Continue reading “Degenerate Quantum Gases (BEC, DFG)” »

May 7, 2020

You Could Travel Through a Wormhole, But It’s Slower Than Space, Say Scientists

Posted by in categories: cosmology, physics, space travel

Circa 2019


Special Relativity. It’s been the bane of space explorers, futurists and science fiction authors since Albert Einstein first proposed it in 1905. For those of us who dream of humans one-day becoming an interstellar species, this scientific fact is like a wet blanket.

Continue reading “You Could Travel Through a Wormhole, But It’s Slower Than Space, Say Scientists” »

May 7, 2020

Long-lived pionic helium: Exotic matter experimentally verified for the first time

Posted by in categories: chemistry, particle physics, quantum physics

Exotic atoms in which electrons are replaced by other subatomic particles of the same charge allow deep insights into the quantum world. After eight years of ongoing research, a group led by Masaki Hori, senior physicist at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany, has now succeeded in a challenging experiment: In a helium atom, they replaced an electron with a pion in a specific quantum state and verified the existence of this long-lived “pionic helium” for the very first time. The usually short-lived pion could thereby exist 1000 times longer than it normally would in other varieties of matter. Pions belong to an important family of particles that determine the stability and decay of atomic nuclei. The pionic helium atom enables scientists to study pions in an extremely precise manner using laser spectroscopy. The research is published in this week’s edition of Nature.

For eight years, the group worked on this challenging experiment, which has the potential to establish a new field of research. The team experimentally demonstrated for the first time that long-lived pionic really exist. “It is a form of chemical reaction that happens automatically,” explains Hori. The exotic atom was first theoretically predicted in 1964 after experiments at that time pointed toward its existence. However, it was considered extremely difficult to verify this prediction experimentally. Usually, in an atom, the extremely short-lived decays quickly. However, in pionic helium, it can be conserved in a sense so it lives 1000 times longer than it normally does in other atoms.