This study demonstrates that impaired T cell receptor–induced CARD11-dependent JNK signaling results in upregulation of GATA3 and NFAT2, two key proteins i
A drug targeting the scaffolding function of multiple related kinases halts tumor progression.
The universe looks a little different in mid-infrared light, a longer wavelength captured by the James Webb Space Telescope.
Don’t be distracted by distant stars and galaxies that look like multi-colored candies! Instead draw your attention to the “messy” blue “scoop.” This is one of two galaxies in Arp 107. The blue orb to its left is interreacting with it, making up its other “half.”
What’s remarkable about this image is that the bright diffraction spikes in the larger galaxy on the right are from its active supermassive black hole.
See a “bridge” that connects the pair in Webb’s near-infrared light observations.
Arp 107, a pair of interacting galaxies, shines brightly in high-resolution infrared light. A collision, which occurred hundreds of millions ago, created a tenuous bridge of gas and dust that connects the two galaxies, and started a new wave of star formation that NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope captures clearly.
Advanced transmission technologies could sidestep permitting challenges and clear the bottleneck holding up hundreds of gigawatts’ worth of renewable-energy projects.
Like people, bacteria get invaded by viruses. In bacteria, the viral invaders are called bacteriophages, derived from the Greek word for bacteria-eaters, or in shortened form, “phages.” Scientists have sought to learn how the single-cell organisms survive phage infection in a bid to further understand human immunity and develop ways to combat diseases.
Now, Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists say they have shed new light on how bacteria protect themselves from certain phage invaders—by seizing genetic material from weakened, dormant phages and using it to “vaccinate” themselves to elicit an immune response.
In their experiments, the scientists say Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria (which cause strep throat) take advantage of a class of phages known as temperate phages, which can either kill cells or become dormant. The bacteria steal genetic material from temperate phages during this dormant period and form a biological “memory” of the invader that their offspring inherit as the bacteria multiply. Equipped with these memories, the new population can recognize these viruses and fight them off.
This collaboration marks a significant step in both companies’ efforts to address the pressing needs in cancer treatment through innovative solutions.
OBT has developed a proprietary discovery platform, OGAP-Verify, which has enhanced sensitivity and specificity for identifying promising drug targets.
This platform is central to collaboration, as it allows for selecting targets with improved attributes crucial for effective drug development.
A team of physicists, engineers, opticians and photonics specialists at Zhejiang University, in China, working with a pair of colleagues from the University of Cambridge, in the U.K., has found a way to make pixels smaller by using perovskite. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the group describes how they used the mineral to create pixels as small as a virus.
As the research team notes, the rallying cry for electronics in the modern age is to add more technology to ever smaller base units. For computers, for many years, the goal was to double the number of transistors on a single integrated circuit. Similarly, reducing the size of pixels in video displays has led to sharper and sharper imagery.
The current standard for digital display technology is micro-LED, which is based on II-V semiconductors. Unfortunately, such technology becomes too expensive and inefficient to make pixels any smaller than the size currently in use. This led the team to wonder if a different base material might allow the creation of smaller pixels that would be both cost-effective and efficient. They turned to perovskite, the same mineral that is currently being investigated as a replacement for silicon in solar cells as a way to reduce costs.
At least two mass extinction events in Earth’s history were likely caused by the devastating effects of nearby supernova explosions. That’s according to a new study by researchers at Keele University in England. The researchers said these super-powerful blasts – caused by the death of a massive star – might have previously stripped our planet’s atmosphere of its ozone, sparked acid rain and exposed life to harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. They believe a supernova explosion close to Earth could be to blame for both the late Devonian and Ordovician extinction events, which occurred 372 and 445 million years ago respectively.
Nvidia’s sales are up more than sixfold since its business was transformed by the release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in late 2022.
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems can be optimized using TextGrad, a framework that performs optimization by backpropagating large-language-model-generated feedback; TextGrad enables optimization across diverse tasks, including radiotherapy treatment plans and molecule generation.