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Low-cost Android phones ship with residential proxy malware

A malware campaign dubbed ‘Midnight Mimosa’ has been discovered on low-cost Android smartphones that ship with malicious software embedded in their firmware, allowing attackers to silently install apps, perform ad fraud, and turn devices into residential proxies.

The malware is believed to have been introduced somewhere in the device supply chain, but it remains unclear who is responsible for modifying the firmware or at what stage the tampering occurred.

The malware is embedded directly into the firmware of low-cost Android devices using MediaTek chipsets, giving it system-level privileges that allow it to install and remove applications, grant sensitive permissions, and execute remotely downloaded code without user interaction.

FakeGit malware campaign returns with 17,610 malicious GitHub repos

More than 17,000 fake repositories on GitHub are distributing the SmartLoader malware after the FakeGit campaign reactivated earlier this month to push the StealC infostealer.

The operator uses mostly throwaway accounts, but researchers identified at least 700 accounts that appear to belong to legitimate developers.

The malicious repositories use convincing README instructions with a download button pointing to a ZIP archive containing the initial payload, SmartLoader, that is used to distribute other malware.

Cisco warns of critical flaws allowing Nexus switch takeover

Cisco released security advisories for five critical vulnerabilities in its NX-OS data center network operating system that could be exploited to run arbitrary code with root privileges on Nexus switches.

If remote code execution cannot be achieved, an attacker could exploit the vulnerabilities to crash processes and force the vulnerable device to reload, resulting in a denial-of-service condition.

The issues affect the NX-API, Next Generation OAM (NGOAM), and MPLS OAM features in Nexus 3,000 and Nexus 9,000 Series switches.

James Webb Space Telescope helps detect the most distant Fast Radio Burst ever seen — and scientists are surprised by its source

“This is an extraordinary glimpse into the distant universe,” team co-leader Manisha Caleb from the Sydney Institute for Astronomy said in a statement sent to Space.com. “We have caught a fast radio burst from a time when the universe was only about three billion years old, and we have used that brief flash of radio light to learn about the matter it has travelled through over billions of years.”

The team’s research was published on Thursday (Oct. 8) in the journal Science.

Microglia Rescue Vulnerable Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson’s

Summary: Researchers at the University of Oxford have discovered that human microglia can selectively prune away toxic alpha-synuclein aggregates from dopamine-producing neurons without destroying the host nerve cells. Utilizing co-cultures of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and microglia, the team demonstrated that microglia employ “trogocytosis”, a precise cellular nibbling mechanism, regulated by GPNMB, P2RY12, and CD22 signaling pathways, along with an IL-10 molecular brake. The findings identify a distinct, neuroprotective microglial subtype that shields neurons in Parkinson’s disease.

We May Finally Have a Vaccine Against The Plague, With Two New Vaccines Showing 100% Effectiveness in Mice

When people think of the plague, they might think of medieval peasants with painful lumps under their arms, being treated by doctors wearing creepy bird-like masks.

But the disease still persists today, and can be lethal if not treated quickly.

Now, almost 700 years after the Black Death killed 50 percent of the European population, we may soon have a new vaccine for this notoriously deadly disease.

Photon irradiation prompts autophagy in anaplastic thyroid cancer

Although promising results have been obtained for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) therapy, this therapy still needs to be improved. In addition to the currently approved therapies, radiotherapy alone or combined with adjuvant immunotherapy could be beneficial for patients affected by ATC. The patients affected by this aggressive solid malignancy could benefit from the modulation of autophagy in cancer cells. This study focused on detecting autophagy players in ATCs and bursting autophagy process via photon irradiation to induce decay in irradiated ATCs. The transcript expression of autophagy genes was detected in tumor tissue resected from 19 patients and in C643 cells, four primary ATC cell lines and primary follicular thyroid cell line (Nthy-ori-3–1) photons irradiated with 4 or 6 Gy. The protein level of Beclin1 was detected by immunofluorescence in 10/19 patients. The levels of autophagy markers were detected by RT‒qPCR and western blotting in irradiated cells. Autophagy and maturation of autophagosome vesicles were monitored in C643 cells stably transfected with the GFP-RFP-LC3B plasmid. All patients included in the study exhibited significant overexpression of autophagy transcripts. Additionally, the Beclin1 protein was expressed in resected tumor tissue. Furthermore, the analysis of autophagy-related gene transcripts revealed significant increases in the expression of these genes in C643, Patient 2 and Patient 3 cells irradiated with 4 or 6 Gy. Additionally, irradiation with 4 or 6 Gy downregulated the expression of all the proteins involved in the autophagy process. Thus, the ongoing catabolic process was confirmed. Interestingly, the levels of AMPKα and its active phosphorylated form were strongly downregulated, which excluded its involvement in autophagy activation. 6 Gy photon irradiation caused an increase in both green and red fluorescence in C643-derived spheroids. An increase in fluorescence was detectable for up to 28 days. The spheroids gradually exhibited an increase in fluorescence, which probably caused the dismantling of their ultrastructure. This finding provides evidence of the bursting of autophagy and its ability to affect spheroid integrity. Photon irradiation exacerbates autophagy in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells and could represent a valid target for focused therapy against this aggressive malignancy.

Drug target could block brain inflammation linked to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s

Blocking a receptor called P2X7 significantly reduced inflammation in human brain tissue, revealing a potential new treatment strategy for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The discovery could help researchers repurpose existing drugs for conditions including traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, depression, and schizophrenia.

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