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Understanding the neural mechanisms of conscious and unconscious experience is a major goal of fundamental and translational neuroscience. Here, we target the early visual cortex with a protocol of noninvasive, high-resolution alternating current stimulation while participants performed a delayed target–probe discrimination task and reveal dissociable mechanisms of mnemonic processing for conscious and unconscious perceptual contents. Entraining β-rhythms in bilateral visual areas preferentially enhanced short-term memory for seen information, whereas α-entrainment in the same region preferentially enhanced short-term memory for unseen information. The short-term memory improvements were frequency-specific and long-lasting. The results add a mechanistic foundation to existing theories of consciousness, call for revisions to these theories, and contribute to the development of nonpharmacological therapeutics for improving visual cortical processing.

The volcano has been in a state of “heightened unrest” for more than a month, with the number of earthquakes rising from between 10 and 20 per day to 40 to 50 per day, likely due to an increase in magma inside the volcano, according to the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.

The strongest was a 5.0-magnitude earthquake that struck the Big Island two weeks ago, although local officials said it did not cause major damage or injuries.

The escalating crisis exposes the weakness of Biden’s position. He is gambling with hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian lives, over which he has no moral claim, that Ukraine will somehow be in a stronger military position after a winter of war and power outages, with hundreds of thousands more Russian troops in the areas they control. This is a bet on a much longer war, in which U.S. taxpayers will shell out for thousands of tons of weapons and many more Ukrainians will die, with no clear endgame short of nuclear war.

#StopWar #NoWar #NuclearWar #WW3


Leaders in the global South, former U.S. diplomats and Henry Kissinger (!) agree: It’s time to negotiate for real.

Next, you seem to assume that when I catch a ball, my mind solves equations unconsciously, brining together inertia, gravity, air resistance to calculate my response. You may be right, but I don’t think most neuroscientist agree with you. That’s another computationalist prejudice. Rather than solving equations, my nervous system uses experience and extrapolation through repeated trial and improvement to hone a skill in extrapolating paths; no equations involved. As I say, I could be wrong, it’s an empirical question. But as far as I know, the balance of evidence and theory supports my interpretation.

The meaning of semantics is not just that it means something, but that it can be used to make statements about the world, beyond the formal system used to express that meaning. That, too, is definitional.

Your main argument seems like a really desperate move to sustain the computationalist faith that you assert at the beginning in the face of huge, perhaps insuperable difficulties.