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Although AI-based restoration methods can indeed bring new life to damaged paintings, the end result is typically a digital copy of the original painting. By contrast, a new MIT technique applies reversible repairs to the physical painting itself, in the form of a removable mask.

The process was developed by mechanical engineering graduate student Alex Kachkine, who restores paintings via traditional hand-painting techniques as a hobby.

He realized that many galleries have a number of paintings which never get displayed, because they require restoration that would take too long – and thus be too expensive – to perform by hand. Utilizing his method, however, restoration times could be reduced from years, months or weeks down to a matter of hours.

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Research from the University of St Andrews has set a new benchmark for the precision with which researchers can explore fundamental physics in quantum materials. The work has implications extending from materials science to advanced computing, as well as confirming a nearly 100-year-old prediction.

The researchers explored magnetoelastic coupling, which is the change in the size or shape of a material when exposed to a . It is usually a small effect, but one that has technological consequences.

A team from the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of St Andrews has now discovered that this effect is remarkably large in a case where one wouldn’t have expected it—in a transition metal oxide. Oxides are a containing at least one and one other element in its chemical formula. High-temperature superconductors are one of the most prominent examples of a transition metal oxide.

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Theories must stand up to practical testing, and this is especially true in physics. Researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Texas A&M University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, the University of Surrey in the U.K. and Michigan State University have achieved such a milestone: They were able to experimentally demonstrate for the first time that the ratio method can be used to study atomic nuclei, and in particular unstable halo nuclei—thus underscoring the importance of this new reaction observable. The team published their results on May 28, 2025, in Physical Review Letters.

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A research team led by Prof. Sheng Zhigao from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Prof. A.V. Kimel from Radboud University, has demonstrated that strong magnetic fields can effectively regulate laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in a two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet.

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Imagine you’re sitting at a pond, listening to the din of croaking frogs. You want to know how many frogs are in the pond, but you can’t pick out the individual croaks—only the combined sound rising and falling in volume as frogs start and stop communicating.

But what if you were able to examine these volume changes to figure out how many frogs are in the pond?

That’s the idea behind a new method developed by the Funke Lab at Janelia to count the individual contained in a single spot of light detected by a fluorescence microscope—a quantity important for understanding the underlying biology of a living system. The paper is published in the journal Nano Letters.

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A new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that chronic exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) can trigger depression-like behaviors by activating a specific neural pathway in the brain.

The study, conducted on tree shrews—diurnal mammals genetically close to primates that are active during the day like humans—offers critical insights into how nighttime light may disrupt mood regulation, potentially affecting human mental health in increasingly illuminated urban environments.

The research team, led by Prof. Xue Tian from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Prof. Yao Yonggang of the Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Prof. Zhao Huan of Hefei University, exposed tree shrews to blue light (comparable to bright indoor lighting) for two hours each night for three weeks.

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You wouldn’t microwave fish around your worst enemy—the smell lingers both in kitchen and memory. It is one few of us like, let alone have positive associations with. But what makes our brains decide a smell is stinky?

A new study from UF Health researchers reveals the mechanisms behind how your brain decides you dislike—even loathe—a smell. The findings are published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.

Or as first author and graduate research fellow Sarah Sniffen puts it: How do odors come to acquire some sort of emotional charge?

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Researchers at São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Brazil have identified a robust set of genetic markers associated with meat quality in the Nelore cattle breed (Bos taurus indicus) genome. The results pave the way for substantial progress in the genetic enhancement of the Zebu breed, which accounts for about 80% of the Brazilian beef herd.

The research has direct implications for the productivity and quality of Brazilian beef, reinforcing the country’s standing as a major beef exporter. The results are published in the journal Scientific Reports.

In previous studies, the group had identified genes and proteins by studying meat and carcass characteristics separately using different techniques. For the current study, however, the researchers integrated these techniques and examined multiple characteristics using data from 6,910 young Nelore bulls from four commercial genetic improvement programs.

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Research has shown that large language models (LLMs) tend to overemphasize information at the beginning and end of a document or conversation, while neglecting the middle.

This “position bias” means that if a lawyer is using an LLM-powered virtual assistant to retrieve a certain phrase in a 30-page affidavit, the LLM is more likely to find the right text if it is on the initial or final pages.

MIT researchers have discovered the mechanism behind this phenomenon.

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