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The Netherlands Cancer Institute has found that the estrous cycle stage significantly influences mammary tumors’ sensitivity to chemotherapy. In mouse models of breast cancer, treatment initiated during the diestrus stage resulted in reduced responses to chemotherapy compared to initiation during the estrus stage.

The human body contains internal timekeeping clocks to adapt to environmental changes, including infradian rhythms like the . Fluctuating during these cycles regulate physiological adaptations, which may impact responses to therapies.

Understanding factors that contribute to the heterogeneity in responses is crucial for improving treatment outcomes in .

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PRESS RELEASE — Physicists have discovered a simpler way to create quantum entanglement between two distant photons — without starting with entanglement, without resorting to Bell-state measurements, and even without detecting all ancillary photons — an advance that challenges long-held assumptions in quantum networking.

And all it took was a friendly nudge from an artificial intelligence tool.

An international team of scientists led by researchers from Nanjing University and the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light described their method in Physical Review Letters — accessed for this article through arXiv — that demonstrated entanglement can emerge from the indistinguishability of photon paths alone. Instead of relying on standard procedures that start from prepared entangled pairs and complex joint measurements, their technique leverages a basic quantum principle: when multiple photons could have come from several possible sources, erasing the clues to their origins can produce entanglement where none existed before.

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Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) and spontaneous four-wave mixing are powerful nonlinear optical processes that can produce multi-photon beams of light with unique quantum properties. These processes could be leveraged to create various quantum technologies, including computer processors and sensors that leverage quantum mechanical effects.

Researchers at the National Research Council of Canada and École Polytechnique de Montréal recently carried out a study observing the effects emerging in the SPDC process. Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, reports the observation of a gain-induced group delay in multi-photon pulses generated in SPDC.

“The inspiration for this paper came from studying a process called SPDC,” Nicolás Quesada, senior author of the paper, told Phys.org. “This is a mouthful to say that certain materials are able to take a violet photon (the particle light is made of) and transform it into two red photons.

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Siddarth Kara’s bestseller, “Cobalt Red: How the Blood of Congo Powers Our Lives,” focuses on problems surrounding the sourcing of cobalt, a critical component of lithium-ion batteries that power many technologies central to modern life, from mobile phones and pacemakers to electric vehicles.

“Perhaps many of us have read how are vital for energy storage technologies,” says Eric Schelter, the Hirschmann-Makineni Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. “But how materials that make up such batteries are sourced can be concerning and problematic, both ethically and environmentally.”

Schelter says that mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which supplies about 70% of the world’s cobalt, raises concerns due to environmental degradation and unsafe working conditions, and that large-scale mining disrupts ecosystems and can contaminate , leaving lasting environmental damage. In addition, he notes that a looming cobalt shortage threatens to strain as demand for battery technologies continues to grow.

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Running massive AI models locally on smartphones or laptops may be possible after a new compression algorithm trims down their size — meaning your data never leaves your device. The catch is that it might drain your battery in an hour.

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OpenAI finally released the full version of o1, which gives smarter answers than GPT-4o by using additional compute to “think” about questions. However, AI safety testers found that o1’s reasoning abilities also make it try to deceive human users at a higher rate than GPT-4o — or, for that matter, leading AI models from Meta, Anthropic, and Google.

That’s according to red team research published by OpenAI and Apollo Research on Thursday: “While we find it exciting that reasoning can significantly improve the enforcement of our safety policies, we are mindful that these new capabilities could form the basis for dangerous applications,” said OpenAI in the paper.

OpenAI released these results in its system card for o1 on Thursday after giving third party red teamers at Apollo Research early access to o1, which released its own paper as well.

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South Australia has the highest wind and solar share – an average of around 72 per cent over the last 12 months – vastly more than other state in Australia, and higher than any other gigawatt scale grid in the world.

Renewable energy critics, particularly those that don’t understand the way that grids work, instantly assume that this means South Australia’s grid must be weak and unreliable. But that is simply not true, and a new report from Australian Energy Market Operator on “system strength” underlines why this is so.

System strength is an important part of grid security, and – according to AEMO – describes the ability of the power system to maintain and control the voltage waveform at a given location, when the grid is running normally and particularly when it has to deal with a major disturbance.

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Iridium-based catalysts are needed to produce hydrogen using water electrolysis. Now, a team at HZB has shown that the newly developed P2X catalyst, which requires only a quarter of the iridium, is as efficient and stable over time as the best commercial catalyst. Measurements at BESSY II have now revealed how the special chemical environment in the P2X catalyst during electrolysis promotes the oxygen evolution reaction during water splitting.

In the future, hydrogen will be needed in a climate-neutral energy system to store energy, as a fuel, and a raw material for the chemical industry. Ideally, it should be produced in a climate-neutral way, using electricity generated from harnessing the sun’s or wind energy, via the electrolysis of water.

In that respect, Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEM-WE) is currently considered a key technology. Both electrodes are coated with special electrocatalysts to accelerate the desired reaction. Iridium-based catalysts are best suited for the anode, where the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction occurs. However, iridium is one of the rarest elements on earth, and one of the major challenges is to significantly reduce the demand for this precious metal.

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