Lifeboat Foundation

). At P7, Pten^flx/flx and Pten^flx/flxRaptor^flx/flx animals were co-injected into the dentate gyrus with a retrovirus encoding a fluorophore (GFP) with a downstream Cre, and a control retrovirus with just a fluorophore (mCherry) and no Cre (Figure 3A). Here, the GFP-expressing newborn granule neurons are KOs for their respective flox genes, while mCherry-expressing neurons serve as their in-tissue WT controls. To investigate the role of mTORC1 in development of Pten KO-mediated somal hypertrophy, we quantified soma size of retrovirally infected immunolabeled granule neurons at P28. We observed that Pten KO neurons had significantly greater soma size when compared with their WT control. This increase in soma size was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor double knockout (DKO) neurons (Table S1A and Figures 3B and 3D). We further examined the role of mTORC1 in aberrant migration of Pten KO granule neurons. The Pten KO neurons migrate significantly farther from the hilus along the GCL, when compared with their WT control. This farther migration was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1B and Figures 3B and 3E). The dendritic spine density was also found to be significantly increased in Pten KO neurons. This increase in number of spines in middle molecular layer was reduced to WT density in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1C and Figures 3C and 3F). Additionally, the decrease in spine head diameter seen in Pten KO neurons was rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1D). However, the increased spine length of Pten KO neurons persisted in the Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1E). These data suggest that Pten loss-mediated neuronal hypertrophy can be rescued by targeting Raptor to disrupt mTORC1.

To examine the role of mTORC1 in the Pten loss-mediated dendritic overgrowth of granule neurons, we reconstructed and quantified retrovirally infected immunolabeled Pten KO granule neurons, as well as Pten and Raptor DKO granule neurons at P28 (Figures 4A and 4B). We observed that Pten KO granule neurons had more elaborate dendritic arbor. Sholl analysis revealed that Pten KO neurons had an increased number of intersections, when compared with WT control neurons. This increase was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1F and Figure 4C). The total dendritic length was also increased in Pten KO neurons, which was rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1G and Figure 4D). Further analysis revealed that Pten KO neurons have more primary dendrites protruding directly out of the soma, when compared with their WT control. This increase in number of primary dendrites was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S4A and Figure S2A).

Read more about Present And Future Exist Simultaneously, According To This New Theory.

Solar power gathered far away in space, seen here being transmitted wirelessly down to Earth to wherever it is needed. ESA plans to investigate key technologies needed to make Space-Based Solar Power a working reality through its SOLARIS initative. One such technology – wireless power transmission – was recently demonstrated in Germany to an audience of decision makers from business and government.

The demonstration took place at Airbus’ X-Works Innovation Factory in Munich. Using microwave beaming, green energy was transmitted green energy between two points representing ‘Space’ and ‘Earth’ over a distance of 36 metres.

The received power was used to light up a model city, produce green hydrogen by splitting water and even to produce the world’s first wirelessly cooled 0% alcohol beer in a fridge before serving to the watching audience.

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is one of the pillars of the Standard Model of particle physics. It describes the strong interaction – one of the four fundamental forces of nature. This force holds quarks and gluons – collectively known as partons – together in hadrons such as the proton, and protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei. Two hallmarks of QCD are chiral symmetry breaking and asymptotic freedom. Chiral symmetry breaking explains how quarks generate the masses of hadrons and therefore the vast majority of visible mass in the universe. Asymptotic freedom states that the strong force between quarks and gluons decreases with increasing energy. The discovery of these two QCD effects garnered two Nobel prizes in physics, in 2008 and 2004, respectively.

High-energy collisions of lead nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) explore QCD under the most extreme conditions on Earth. These heavy-ion collisions recreate the quark–gluon plasma (QGP): the hottest and densest fluid ever studied in the laboratory. In contrast to normal nuclear matter, the QGP is a state where quarks and gluons are not confined inside hadrons. It is speculated that the universe was in a QGP state around one millionth of a second after the Big Bang.

The ALICE experiment was designed to study the QGP at LHC energies. It was operated during LHC Runs 1 and 2, and has carried out a broad range of measurements to characterise the QGP and to study several other aspects of the strong interaction. In a recent review, highlights of which are described below, the ALICE collaboration takes stock of its first decade of QCD studies at the LHC. The results from these studies include a suite of observables that reveal a complex evolution of the near-perfect QGP liquid that emerges in high-temperature QCD. ALICE measurements also demonstrate that charm quarks equilibrate extremely quickly within this liquid, and are able to regenerate QGP-melted “charmonium” particle states. ALICE has extensively mapped the QGP opaqueness with high-energy probes, and has directly observed the QCD dead-cone effect in proton–proton collisions. Surprising QGP-like signatures have also been observed in rare proton–proton and proton–lead collisions.

Are online classes the great equalizer?🤣

New psychology findings suggest that attractive students earn higher grades in school, but for female students, this beauty premium disappears when classes are taught remotely. The findings were published in the journal Economic Letters.

A large body of research suggests that physical appearance has an impact on a person’s success. For example, attractive people tend to earn more money and report higher life satisfaction than less attractive people. Interestingly, scholars have yet to agree on the explanation behind this beauty premium.

Continue reading “Attractive female students no longer earned higher grades when classes moved online during COVID-19” »

The screen can also be folded and twisted, the company says.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ax8hU2zW54

The James Webb Space Telescope has revolutionized the way we look at the universe in less.
than a year. Since its launch on December 25, 2021 multiple images captured by the largest.
telescope with potentially the highest infrared resolution and sensitivity have been going viral.
around the globe. James Webb is no doubt the most advanced telescope in human history. The.
telescope’s integrated science instrument module or ISIM framework provides it with electrical.
power, computing framework, cooling capability and structural stability. The ISIM also holds the.
four science instruments and the guide camera of the telescope. The infrared imager NIRICam.
serves as the Observatory’s wavefront sensor while the NIRISpec performs spectroscopy over.
the same wavelength range as that of NIRICam. The Mid-Infrared Instrument measures the mid.
to long infrared wavelengths and the Fine Guidance Center and Near Infrared Imager and.
Slitless Spectrograph is used to stabilize the line of sight during the science observations. So far.
the images and data received from the JWST are well worth the ten billion spent on building this.
miraculous invention. The first ever in ages from the telescope were revealed to the world on.
July 12, 2022 and experts believe these pictures from the largest and most powerful telescope.
in the world demonstrate Webb at its absolute best, fully prepared to further unravel the infrared universe. These included images of cosmic cliffs in the carina nebula, exoplanet WASP-06b.
southern ring nebula, Stephen’s quintet and the brilliant deep field view of the universe. But.
these were just the first batch, since then the James Webb Telescope has provided scientists.
with even more dazzling and awe-inspiring images of the cosmos. Some of these images have.
left astronomers and cosmologists quite confused. A flood of astronomical papers has been.
published since the revelation of these images and data from the JWST, a few of these papers.
have incited panic among the cosmologists. But what exactly is the reason behind this wave of.
panic? Well, it’s the assumption that the findings of James Webb Space Telescope are blatantly.
and repeatedly contradicting the Big Bang Theory. In order to better understand what’s going.
on, we first need to understand what the Big Bang exactly is.

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Continue reading “James Webb Telescope Just Detected A Massive Structure Older Than The Universe” »

Physicists are devising clever new ways to exploit the extreme sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors like LIGO. But so far, they’ve seen no signs of exotica.

Stop Type 3… before it’s too late!! Join us… and find out more!

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