Menu

Blog

Page 3303

Nov 9, 2022

Speaking the same language: How artificial neurons mimic biological neurons

Posted by in categories: biological, chemistry, information science, robotics/AI

Artificial intelligence has long been a hot topic: a computer algorithm “learns” by being taught by examples: What is “right” and what is “wrong.” Unlike a computer algorithm, the human brain works with neurons—cells of the brain. These are trained and pass on signals to other neurons. This complex network of neurons and the connecting pathways, the synapses, controls our thoughts and actions.

Biological signals are much more diverse when compared with those in conventional computers. For instance, neurons in a biological neural network communicate with ions, biomolecules and neurotransmitters. More specifically, neurons communicate either chemically—by emitting the messenger substances such as neurotransmitters—or via , so-called “action potentials” or “spikes”.

Artificial neurons are a current area of research. Here, the efficient communication between the biology and electronics requires the realization of that emulate realistically the function of their biological counterparts. This means artificial neurons capable of processing the diversity of signals that exist in biology. Until now, most artificial neurons only emulate their biological counterparts electrically, without taking into account the wet biological environment that consists of ions, biomolecules and neurotransmitters.

Nov 9, 2022

Brainwave-reading implant lets paralyzed man spell out 1,100 words

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, computing, cyborgs, neuroscience

A paralyzed man who cannot speak or type was able to spell out over 1,000 words using a neuroprosthetic device that translates his brain waves into full sentences, US researchers said Tuesday.

“Anything is possible,” was one of the man’s favorite phrases to spell out, said the first author of a new study on the research, Sean Metzger of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF).

Continue reading “Brainwave-reading implant lets paralyzed man spell out 1,100 words” »

Nov 9, 2022

Monoclonal antibodies preserve stem cells in mouse brains, bring promise for future studies

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

A new approach to stem cell therapy that uses antibodies instead of traditional immunosuppressant drugs robustly preserves cells in mouse brains and has potential to fast-track trials in humans, a Michigan Medicine study suggests.

For this study, researchers used to suppress the in mice and compared the results to traditional immunosuppression with the medications tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. They tracked implanted human neural stem using luciferase, the protein that makes fireflies glow.

Results published in Clinical and Translational Medicine reveal that suppression with monoclonal enabled long-term survival of human stem cell transplants in mouse brains for at least six to eight months, while the cell grafts did not survive more than two weeks in most animals when using standard immunosuppressant drugs.

Nov 9, 2022

Disruption of mTORC1 rescues neuronal overgrowth and synapse function dysregulated by Pten loss

Posted by in category: neuroscience

). At P7, Ptenflx/flx and Ptenflx/flxRaptorflx/flx animals were co-injected into the dentate gyrus with a retrovirus encoding a fluorophore (GFP) with a downstream Cre, and a control retrovirus with just a fluorophore (mCherry) and no Cre (Figure 3A). Here, the GFP-expressing newborn granule neurons are KOs for their respective flox genes, while mCherry-expressing neurons serve as their in-tissue WT controls. To investigate the role of mTORC1 in development of Pten KO-mediated somal hypertrophy, we quantified soma size of retrovirally infected immunolabeled granule neurons at P28. We observed that Pten KO neurons had significantly greater soma size when compared with their WT control. This increase in soma size was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor double knockout (DKO) neurons (Table S1A and Figures 3B and 3D). We further examined the role of mTORC1 in aberrant migration of Pten KO granule neurons. The Pten KO neurons migrate significantly farther from the hilus along the GCL, when compared with their WT control. This farther migration was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1B and Figures 3B and 3E). The dendritic spine density was also found to be significantly increased in Pten KO neurons. This increase in number of spines in middle molecular layer was reduced to WT density in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1C and Figures 3C and 3F). Additionally, the decrease in spine head diameter seen in Pten KO neurons was rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1D). However, the increased spine length of Pten KO neurons persisted in the Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1E). These data suggest that Pten loss-mediated neuronal hypertrophy can be rescued by targeting Raptor to disrupt mTORC1.

To examine the role of mTORC1 in the Pten loss-mediated dendritic overgrowth of granule neurons, we reconstructed and quantified retrovirally infected immunolabeled Pten KO granule neurons, as well as Pten and Raptor DKO granule neurons at P28 (Figures 4A and 4B). We observed that Pten KO granule neurons had more elaborate dendritic arbor. Sholl analysis revealed that Pten KO neurons had an increased number of intersections, when compared with WT control neurons. This increase was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1F and Figure 4C). The total dendritic length was also increased in Pten KO neurons, which was rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S1G and Figure 4D). Further analysis revealed that Pten KO neurons have more primary dendrites protruding directly out of the soma, when compared with their WT control. This increase in number of primary dendrites was completely rescued in Pten and Raptor DKO neurons (Table S4A and Figure S2A).

Nov 9, 2022

Present And Future Exist Simultaneously, According To This New Theory

Posted by in category: futurism

Read more about Present And Future Exist Simultaneously, According To This New Theory.

Nov 9, 2022

Wireless power from space

Posted by in categories: business, government, solar power, space, sustainability

Solar power gathered far away in space, seen here being transmitted wirelessly down to Earth to wherever it is needed. ESA plans to investigate key technologies needed to make Space-Based Solar Power a working reality through its SOLARIS initative. One such technology – wireless power transmission – was recently demonstrated in Germany to an audience of decision makers from business and government.

The demonstration took place at Airbus’ X-Works Innovation Factory in Munich. Using microwave beaming, green energy was transmitted green energy between two points representing ‘Space’ and ‘Earth’ over a distance of 36 metres.

The received power was used to light up a model city, produce green hydrogen by splitting water and even to produce the world’s first wirelessly cooled 0% alcohol beer in a fridge before serving to the watching audience.

Nov 9, 2022

A ten-year journey through the quark–gluon plasma and beyond

Posted by in categories: cosmology, evolution, nuclear energy, particle physics, quantum physics

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is one of the pillars of the Standard Model of particle physics. It describes the strong interaction – one of the four fundamental forces of nature. This force holds quarks and gluons – collectively known as partons – together in hadrons such as the proton, and protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei. Two hallmarks of QCD are chiral symmetry breaking and asymptotic freedom. Chiral symmetry breaking explains how quarks generate the masses of hadrons and therefore the vast majority of visible mass in the universe. Asymptotic freedom states that the strong force between quarks and gluons decreases with increasing energy. The discovery of these two QCD effects garnered two Nobel prizes in physics, in 2008 and 2004, respectively.

High-energy collisions of lead nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) explore QCD under the most extreme conditions on Earth. These heavy-ion collisions recreate the quark–gluon plasma (QGP): the hottest and densest fluid ever studied in the laboratory. In contrast to normal nuclear matter, the QGP is a state where quarks and gluons are not confined inside hadrons. It is speculated that the universe was in a QGP state around one millionth of a second after the Big Bang.

The ALICE experiment was designed to study the QGP at LHC energies. It was operated during LHC Runs 1 and 2, and has carried out a broad range of measurements to characterise the QGP and to study several other aspects of the strong interaction. In a recent review, highlights of which are described below, the ALICE collaboration takes stock of its first decade of QCD studies at the LHC. The results from these studies include a suite of observables that reveal a complex evolution of the near-perfect QGP liquid that emerges in high-temperature QCD. ALICE measurements also demonstrate that charm quarks equilibrate extremely quickly within this liquid, and are able to regenerate QGP-melted “charmonium” particle states. ALICE has extensively mapped the QGP opaqueness with high-energy probes, and has directly observed the QCD dead-cone effect in proton–proton collisions. Surprising QGP-like signatures have also been observed in rare proton–proton and proton–lead collisions.

Nov 9, 2022

Attractive female students no longer earned higher grades when classes moved online during COVID-19

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, economics, education

Are online classes the great equalizer?🤣


New psychology findings suggest that attractive students earn higher grades in school, but for female students, this beauty premium disappears when classes are taught remotely. The findings were published in the journal Economic Letters.

A large body of research suggests that physical appearance has an impact on a person’s success. For example, attractive people tend to earn more money and report higher life satisfaction than less attractive people. Interestingly, scholars have yet to agree on the explanation behind this beauty premium.

Continue reading “Attractive female students no longer earned higher grades when classes moved online during COVID-19” »

Nov 9, 2022

Tech Firm LG Display Reveals Stretchable Screen

Posted by in category: futurism

The screen can also be folded and twisted, the company says.

Nov 9, 2022

James Webb Telescope Just Detected A Massive Structure Older Than The Universe

Posted by in categories: computing, cosmology, education

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ax8hU2zW54

The James Webb Space Telescope has revolutionized the way we look at the universe in less.
than a year. Since its launch on December 25, 2021 multiple images captured by the largest.
telescope with potentially the highest infrared resolution and sensitivity have been going viral.
around the globe. James Webb is no doubt the most advanced telescope in human history. The.
telescope’s integrated science instrument module or ISIM framework provides it with electrical.
power, computing framework, cooling capability and structural stability. The ISIM also holds the.
four science instruments and the guide camera of the telescope. The infrared imager NIRICam.
serves as the Observatory’s wavefront sensor while the NIRISpec performs spectroscopy over.
the same wavelength range as that of NIRICam. The Mid-Infrared Instrument measures the mid.
to long infrared wavelengths and the Fine Guidance Center and Near Infrared Imager and.
Slitless Spectrograph is used to stabilize the line of sight during the science observations. So far.
the images and data received from the JWST are well worth the ten billion spent on building this.
miraculous invention. The first ever in ages from the telescope were revealed to the world on.
July 12, 2022 and experts believe these pictures from the largest and most powerful telescope.
in the world demonstrate Webb at its absolute best, fully prepared to further unravel the infrared universe. These included images of cosmic cliffs in the carina nebula, exoplanet WASP-06b.
southern ring nebula, Stephen’s quintet and the brilliant deep field view of the universe. But.
these were just the first batch, since then the James Webb Telescope has provided scientists.
with even more dazzling and awe-inspiring images of the cosmos. Some of these images have.
left astronomers and cosmologists quite confused. A flood of astronomical papers has been.
published since the revelation of these images and data from the JWST, a few of these papers.
have incited panic among the cosmologists. But what exactly is the reason behind this wave of.
panic? Well, it’s the assumption that the findings of James Webb Space Telescope are blatantly.
and repeatedly contradicting the Big Bang Theory. In order to better understand what’s going.
on, we first need to understand what the Big Bang exactly is.

Disclaimer Fair Use:
1. The videos have no negative impact on the original works.
2. The videos we make are used for educational purposes.
3. The videos are transformative in nature.
4. We use only the audio component and tiny pieces of video footage, only if it’s necessary.

Continue reading “James Webb Telescope Just Detected A Massive Structure Older Than The Universe” »