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Researchers unveil Fas-p53 axis as a key regulator in adipocyte metabolism, linking it to obesity and insulin sensitivity through energy expenditure and inflammation pathways.

A team of planetary scientists and oceanographers from NOAA, the Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services, and the University of Zagreb, has found an example of an exception to Ekman’s theory of wind-driven ocean currents—wind and surface flow in the Bay of Bengal.

In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group analyzed several years of data sent by a buoy in the Indian Ocean, off the eastern coast of India.

In 1905, a Swedish oceanographer named Vagn Walfrid Ekman found evidence showing that ocean currents that flow near the surface, which were known to be impacted by wind, were found to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Work since that time has backed up the theory, which has come to be known as Ekman’s theory of wind-driven ocean currents.

For the first time, scientists have invented a liquid ink that doctors can print onto a patient’s scalp to measure brain activity. The technology, presented December 2 in the journal Cell Biomaterials, offers a promising alternative to the cumbersome process currently used for monitoring brainwaves and diagnosing neurological conditions. It also has the potential to enhance non-invasive brain-computer interface applications.

“Our innovations in sensor design, biocompatible ink, and high-speed printing pave the way for future on-body manufacturing of electronic tattoo sensors, with broad applications both within and beyond clinical settings,” says Nanshu Lu, the paper’s co-corresponding author at the University of Texas at Austin.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for diagnosing a variety of neurological conditions, including seizures, brain tumors, epilepsy, and brain injuries. During a traditional EEG test, technicians measure the patient’s scalp with rulers and pencils, marking over a dozen spots where they will glue on electrodes, which are connected to a data-collection machine via long wires to monitor the patient’s brain activity. This setup is time consuming and cumbersome, and it can be uncomfortable for many patients, who must sit through the EEG test for hours.

In recent years, quantum physicists and engineers have been trying to develop quantum computer processors that perform better than classical computers on some tasks. Yet conclusive demonstrations proving that quantum systems perform better than their classical counterparts (i.e., realizations of a quantum advantage) remain scarce, due to various experimental challenges.

Researchers at Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography and the S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Sciences carried out an experiment aimed at establishing the quantum advantage of an elementary quantum system for information storage.

Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, demonstrates that a single qubit can outperform a classical bit in a communication task that does not involve any shared randomness (i.e., classically correlated random variables between communicating parties).

A team of researchers has uncovered a previously unknown phenomenon that could improve the way we design materials at the molecular level. By unlocking a transformation between two types of structural defects on the surface of liquid droplets, the research opens new possibilities for controlling molecular patterns with unprecedented precision. This discovery has broad applications across a range of technologies, including vaccine design, the creation of self-assembling structures, and the synthesis of complex nanoparticles.

When guest molecules are positioned on liquid droplet surfaces, they typically spread out quickly due to diffusion, making it challenging to achieve precise control over their placement. However, the researchers discovered that droplets made from certain materials undergo a process known as “interfacial freezing,” in which the droplet’s surface forms a crystalline molecular monolayer while the bulk of the droplet remains liquid.

This process leads to a spherical shape with a hexagonal surface structure, where the curvature of the surface dictates the formation of structural defects. The defects thus formed are critical to controlling the behavior of guest molecules.

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory and collaborators have a new way to use data from high-energy particle smashups to peer inside protons. Their approach uses quantum information science to map out how particle tracks streaming from electron-proton collisions are influenced by quantum entanglement inside the proton.

The results reveal that quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks that make up a proton’s structure, are subject to so-called quantum entanglement. This quirky phenomenon, famously described by Albert Einstein as “spooky action at a distance,” holds that particles can know one another’s state—for example, their spin direction—even when they are separated by a great distance.

In this case, entanglement occurs over incredibly short distances—less than one quadrillionth of a meter inside individual protons —and the sharing of information extends over the entire group of quarks and gluons in that proton.

Check out my introduction to quantum mechanics on Brilliant! First 30 days are free and 20% off the annual premium subscription when you use our link ➜ https://brilliant.org/sabine.

Last week, DeepMind’s Demis Hassabis said that AI might be able to solve problems that quantum computers were supposedly necessary for. Indeed he said that classical systems – AI run on conventional computers – can model quantum systems. Sounds like an innocent claim but is certain to upset a lot of quantum computing researchers. Hassabis bases his argument on the surprising success of Alphafold.

Continue reading “AI Could Make Quantum Computing Obsolete, Nobel Prize Winner Says” »

Immunotherapies have shaped the cancer research space over the past decade, proving effective for the treatment of some advanced cancers that previously had no therapeutic options. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy is one immunotherapeutic approach that has recently garnered significant attention. In brief, CAR T-cell therapy involves removing a patient’s immune cells, altering them in a laboratory setting to make them better primed to detect and kill cancer cells, and delivering the modified cells back to the patient.

A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows exciting new evidence of the benefits of CAR T cell therapy. The study (NCT04404660) tested the treatment modality called obecabtagene autoleucel (obe-cel), a CAR T-cell therapy that recognizes CD19, a marker expressed on leukemia cells. Unlike other CAR T-cell modalities used to treat leukemia, obe-cel recognizes the CD19 marker with only “intermediate affinity” instead of the “high affinity” recognition of comparable therapies. Researchers suspected the lower affinity associated with obe-cel would correlate with reduced adverse effects experienced by patients receiving other CAR T-cell therapies.

The phase 1b-2 multicenter study, which included 153 adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), revealed promising results. Of the 127 patients who received at least one infusion of obe-cel, 77% experienced remission, with 55% achieving complete remission. The observed remission rates were significantly higher than expected, indicating notable efficacy of the treatment.

From birth to death, tech is stretching the boundaries of biology. In this episode of Posthuman, we explore the discoveries that could transform reproduction, healthcare and how we die.

Technology that once seemed like science fiction is rapidly becoming reality, transforming the very essence of our existence. In this four-part series, Emily Chang unravels the future of being human in an age of unprecedented innovation.

Continue reading “How Tech Is Breaking the Rules of Biology | Posthuman with Emily Chang” »