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Deep brain stimulation strengthens reward signals after one 20-minute session, study finds

A study from Emory University School of Medicine suggests that a single 20-minute session of noninvasive deep brain stimulation, paired with mindful breathing, may strengthen the brain’s response to reward and reduce anxiety. Changes in reward-related brain activity remained detectable for approximately one week after the session.

GPUaaS I Kolokacja GPU I Data Centers I Fabryka AI

Central europe is engineering the AI fortress of the future.

Barron’s reveals how Poland is rapidly positioning itself as Europe’s next digital powerhouse through massive American hyperscaler capital, aggressive government policy, and returning native engineering talent.

While Western Europe stagnates under heavy bureaucracy, Warsaw is quietly building a high-performance compute vault to anchor sovereign digital infrastructure across the continent.

Poland surpassed the 1 trillion dollar annual output milestone in 2025, taking 20th spot globally. World Bank reports project AI adoption could boost Polish GDP by up to 12.1 percent over the next decade.

U.S. giants are already all-in: Amazon committed over 5 billion dollars through 2028, Microsoft spent 1.7 billion on hyperscale cloud regions, and Google signed strategic government agreements to accelerate deployment. Local agency KRiBSI is committing over 106 million dollars to bid for one of the EU’s medium-scale AI gigafactories housing 75,000 accelerators.

Private infrastructure lead Beyond.pl is scaling Nvidia-powered hubs, while startups like ElevenLabs, Nomagic, and Synerise head toward massive global markets.

The Sovereign Compute Pivot.

Cell sizedependent mRNA transcription drives proteome remodeling

You et al. show that size-dependent proteomic remodeling originates at the transcriptomic level. Protein and mRNA turnover contribute minimally to the proteomes of large cells, implicating transcription as the primary driver of size-dependent gene expression. Moreover, mRNA synthesis scales with size through a proportional increase in burst length.

3Dprinted devices could streamline the production of drugdelivery microparticles

MIT researchers have demonstrated a low-cost design of specialized electronic nozzles, called triaxial electrospray emitters, that could be used to manufacture time-release drug-delivery particles or self-healing materials efficiently and at scale.

Triaxial electrospray emitters use electricity to precisely dispense three liquids from microscopic nozzles to generate a steady stream with three distinct fluid layers. The liquid forms multilayered droplets, which can solidify into layered microparticles.

For instance, an array of triaxial electrospray emitters can be used to make three-layer drug-delivery nanoparticles. The outer layer might slowly erode in the stomach, revealing a second material that controls the release of a core material, which delivers medicine to a specific area of the intestines.

Decoding the History Recorded in Lunar Soil

A model that captures how crater-forming impacts redistribute lunar dirt will help researchers read the cosmic timeline found in samples returned from the Moon.

The Moon’s soil preserves signatures of the solar wind, cosmic rays, and episodic stellar events, but frequent meteorite strikes scramble what would otherwise be a neatly layered record of cosmic history. Researchers have now developed a mathematical model that accounts for this scrambling effect in lunar soil [1]. The model can predict the depths and concentrations of radioactive isotopes originating from astrophysical events hundreds of light-years away. It provides a guide for future lunar sampling missions that will search for evidence of specific events in our Solar System’s history.

Samples returned from the Apollo missions suggest that irradiation and the solar wind alter the lunar surface soil’s chemistry and physical appearance as it ages. In addition, nearby supernovae emit radioactive isotopes, including short-lived ones such as iron-60. Meanwhile, meteorite impacts mix all this surface material and gradually transport it deep into the soil or upward from below in a process known as impact gardening. But models of this transport often fail to capture key features observed in the Apollo samples. For example, analysis of core samples (long, vertical cylinders of soil) suggest that, in some cases, the concentrations of certain isotopes have much steeper depth dependence than models predict.

Curiosity has its own neural signal: Brain separates valuable information from water rewards in mice

Often, humans and other animals seek information that can help them complete tasks and attain desired rewards. In some cases, however, they seek information driven simply by curiosity and a desire to obtain knowledge for its own sake, even if it does not lead to external rewards.

Researchers at Columbia University, Harvard Medical School and Johns Hopkins University recently created a new experimental paradigm for studying the neural processes associated with curiosity and the desire for knowledge in mice. This paradigm, outlined in a paper in Nature Neuroscience, allowed them to gain new insights into how the brain represents the value of information regardless of physical rewards.

“We wanted to understand the neural basis of our desire for knowledge—why we read books, explore, and have such a strong drive to find things out,” Jennifer J. Bussell, first author of the paper, told Medical Xpress. “Earlier experiments had suggested that the brain responds to information as if it is a reward, to such an extent that even the exact same neurons in the brain’s reward centers respond to predictions of juice and information.”

Bound gravitational waves inspired by photonic systems

When one mentions “waves,” we immediately think of a perturbation that propagates. This applies to waves on the shore, sound waves in the air or electromagnetic waves that we use to transmit information via optical fibers. The same idea of propagating perturbations applies to gravitational waves (GWs), which entered the mainstream media a decade ago after their first direct detection. These are perturbations of the elastic fabric that we are all embedded in, called spacetime.

It is as if waves do not like to stay still; on the contrary, they really like to move from the moment they are created. However, there are some instances in which perturbations remain spatially localized, ignoring their propagating counterparts entirely, even when sharing the same space. These forever localized perturbations are called BICs (from bound states in the continuum). I discuss these in a new article published in Physica Scripta.

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