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Hedonic eating is defined as food consumption driven by palatability without physiological need. However, neural control of palatable food intake is poorly understood. We discovered that hedonic eating is controlled by a neural pathway from the peri–locus ceruleus to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Using photometry-calibrated optogenetics, we found that VTA dopamine (VTADA) neurons encode palatability to bidirectionally regulate hedonic food consumption. VTADA neuron responsiveness was suppressed during food consumption by semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 (GLP-1R) agonist used as an antiobesity drug. Mice recovered palatable food appetite and VTADA neuron activity during repeated semaglutide treatment, which was reversed by consumption-triggered VTADA neuron inhibition.

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Evolving cosmological constant.


Thanks to Storyblocks for sponsoring this video! Download unlimited stock media at one set price with Storyblocks: https://storyblocks.com/CoolWorlds.

The Standard Model of Cosmology has reigned supreme for decades, confirmed over and over again. But chinks in the armour have been developing, such as the Hubble Tension. Now, however, a new result threatens to completely upend our view of the Universe — we no longer even know how it will end.

Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping.

→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support.

Memory, consciousness and the self aren’t what you think they are. Michael Levin joins Vasant Dhar in episode 91 of Brave New World to explain why the distinction between machines and organisms will soon fall apart. Useful resources 1. Michael Levin at Tufts, Wikipedia, Twitter, Google Scholar and The Levin Lab. 2. There’s Plenty of Room Right Here: Biological Systems as Evolved, Overloaded, Multi-scale Machines — Joshua Bondard and Michael Levin. 3. Self-Improvising Memory: A Perspective on Memories as Agential, Dynamically Reinterpreting Cognitive Glue — Michael Levin. 4. The Space Of Possible Minds — Michael Levin. 5. Endless forms most beautiful 2.0 — Wesley Clawson and Michael Levin. 6. My Octopus Teacher — Pippa Ehrlich and James Reed. 7. Pippa Ehrlich on the Mysteries of the Sea — Episode 77 of Brave New World. 8. Turing Patterns. 9. Mark Solms’ theory of consciousness — SelfAwarePatterns. 10. Mark Solms on Consciousness. Check out Vasant Dhar’s newsletter on Substack. Subscription is free!

What do smart bandages, ocean-powered sensors, and quantum biology have in common? They’re all part of Dr. Leonard Tender’s work at DARPA. On the latest episode of Voices from DARPA, he discusses his fascinating research in the Biological Technologies Office and how these innovations are shaping the future of national security.

🌎 Immerse yourself in the futuristic atmospheres of Aethelburg, an imaginary city that evokes the atmospheres of Blade Runner 2049. This video features a static image of a futuristic metropolis, accompanied by my original composition of ambient cyberpunk music. Let yourself be enveloped by the evocative sounds and suggestive images of this city of the future.
Music composed by Paolo Bellucci and produced by Bear Cave Studio, inspired by the atmospheres of Blade Runner 2049, ideal for relaxing, concentrating or simply daydreaming.

🎹 Inspired by Sci-Fi and Fantasy, we use a combination of analog and digital synthesizers to create lush soundscapes and ambient music ideal for escaping reality.

☕️ ISCRIVITI per ascoltare altri suoni come questo! 🎧 Si consigliano le cuffie.
Nota: la musica nei miei video è protetta dalle norme sul copyright di YouTube e dalle leggi sul copyright. Qualsiasi ridistribuzione o riutilizzo non autorizzato dei miei contenuti è proibito.

#OriginalMusic #Cyberpunk #AmbientMusic #FuturisticMusic #CityOfTheFuture #Aethelburg #AmbientMusic #SciFi #ChilloutMusic #CyberpunkAtmospheres #DigitalArt #AmbientVideo #RelaxingMusic #UrbanFuture #MentalJourney\

A group of diatom species belonging to the Nitzschia genus gave up on photosynthesis and now get their carbon straight from their environment, thanks to a bacterial gene picked up by an ancestor. Gregory Jedd of Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, and colleagues report these findings in a study published in the open-access journal PLOS Biology.

Unlike most diatoms, which perform photosynthesis to generate carbon compounds, some members of the genus Nitzschia have no chlorophyll and instead consume carbohydrates from seaweed and decaying plant matter. Previously, it was unclear how exactly they made this major lifestyle transition, so researchers sequenced the genome of one species, Nitzschia sing1, to look for clues.

N. sing1’s showed that the diatom carries a gene for an enzyme that breaks down alginate, a carbon polymer in the cell walls of brown algae—a group that includes kelp and other common seaweeds. The gene originally came from a , and an ancestor of N. sing1 took up the gene and incorporated it into its genome.

Quantum systems are known to be prone to dissipation, a process that entails the irreversible loss of energy and that is typically linked to decoherence. Decoherence, or the loss of coherence, occurs when interactions between a quantum system and its environment cause a loss of coherence, which is ultimately what allows quantum systems to exist in a superposition of states.

While dissipation is generally viewed as a source of decoherence in , researchers at Tsinghua University recently showed that it could also be leveraged to study strongly correlated quantum matter.

Their paper, published in Nature Physics, introduces a new method to intrinsic quantum many-body correlations and demonstrates its potential for studying the dissipative dynamics in strongly correlated one-dimensional (1D) quantum gases.

UTSA researchers recently completed one of the most comprehensive studies to date on the risks of using AI models to develop software. In a new paper, they demonstrate how a specific type of error could pose a serious threat to programmers that use AI to help write code.

Joe Spracklen, a UTSA doctoral student in computer science, led the study on how (LLMs) frequently generate insecure code.

His team’s paper, published on the arXiv preprint server, has also been accepted for publication at the USENIX Security Symposium 2025, a cybersecurity and privacy conference.