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Sep 29, 2024

Discovering quasiparticles ejected from color centers in diamond crystals

Posted by in category: futurism

A research group led by University of Tsukuba has observed the cooperative behavior of polaron quasiparticles formed by the collective interaction of electrons and lattice vibrations around color centers in diamond crystals.

Sep 29, 2024

Inverse-design method enhances performance and reliability of on-chip spectrometers

Posted by in categories: computing, innovation

In a study published in Engineering, researchers from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Zhejiang University have unveiled a pioneering approach to designing on-chip computational spectrometers, heralding a new era of high-performance and reliable integrated spectrometers. This innovative inverse-design methodology offers a dramatic leap forward in spectrometer technology, addressing longstanding challenges in performance and reproducibility.

Sep 29, 2024

The Atlantic Ocean’s currents are on the verge of collapse. This is what it means for the planet

Posted by in category: futurism

Scientists are worried that the Atlantic Ocean’s system of currents may be about to pass a tipping point. And if it does, it’ll have severe consequences for all of us.

Sep 29, 2024

CRISPR CREME: An AI Treat to Enable Virtual Genomic Experiments

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics, information science, robotics/AI

Koo and his team tested CREME on another AI-powered DNN genome analysis tool called Enformer. They wanted to know how Enformer’s algorithm makes predictions about the genome. Koo says questions like that are central to his work.

“We have these big, powerful models,” Koo said. “They’re quite compelling at taking DNA sequences and predicting gene expression. But we don’t really have any good ways of trying to understand what these models are learning. Presumably, they’re making accurate predictions because they’ve learned a lot of the rules about gene regulation, but we don’t actually know what their predictions are based off of.”

With CREME, Koo’s team uncovered a series of genetic rules that Enformer learned while analyzing the genome. That insight may one day prove invaluable for drug discovery. The investigators stated, “CREME provides a powerful toolkit for translating the predictions of genomic DNNs into mechanistic insights of gene regulation … Applying CREME to Enformer, a state-of-the-art DNN, we identify cis-regulatory elements that enhance or silence gene expression and characterize their complex interactions.” Koo added, “Understanding the rules of gene regulation gives you more options for tuning gene expression levels in precise and predictable ways.”

Sep 29, 2024

Why we are finally within reach of a room-temperature superconductor

Posted by in categories: innovation, materials

A practical superconductor would transform the efficiency of electronics. After decades of hunting, several key breakthroughs are inching us very close to this coveted prize.

By Jon Cartwright

Sep 29, 2024

Mitochondrial DNA Evolution: New Study Reveals How Selfish mtDNA Evolve and Thrive

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, evolution, mathematics

Vanderbilt University researchers, led by alumnus Bryan Gitschlag, have uncovered groundbreaking insights into the evolution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In their paper in Nature Communications titled “Multiple distinct evolutionary mechanisms govern the dynamics of selfish mitochondrial genomes in Caenorhabditis elegans,” the team reveals how selfish mtDNA, which can reduce the fitness of its host, manages to persist within cells through aggressive competition or by avoiding traditional selection pressures. The study combines mathematical models and experiments to explain the coexistence of selfish and cooperative mtDNA within the cell, offering new insights into the complex evolutionary dynamics of these essential cellular components.

Gitschlag, an alumnus of Vanderbilt University, conducted the research while in the lab of Maulik Patel, assistant professor of biological sciences. He is now a postdoctoral researcher at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in David McCandlish’s lab. Gitschlag collaborated closely with fellow Patel Lab members, including James Held, a recent PhD graduate, and Claudia Pereira, a former staff member of the lab.

Sep 29, 2024

Hubble Tension Solved? Astronomers Race To Save Standard Model Of Cosmology

Posted by in category: cosmology

The right value for the expansion rate of the universe continues to elude astronomers.

Sep 29, 2024

Consciousness and the Dennett Paradox

Posted by in category: neuroscience

Hoboken, April 20, 2024. Daniel Dennett’s death feels like the end of an era, the era of ultra-materialist, ultra-Darwinian, swaggering, know-it-all scientism. Who’s left? Dawkins? Dennett isn’t as smart as he thinks he is, I liked to say, because no one is. He lacked the self-doubt gene, but he forced me to doubt myself, he made me rethink what I think, and what more can you ask of a philosopher? I first encountered Dennett’s in-your-face brilliance in 1981 when I read The Mind’s I, and his name popped up at a consciousness shindig I attended just last week. To honor Dennett, I’m posting a free, revised version of my 2017 critique of his claim that consciousness is an “illusion.” I’m also coining a phrase, “the Dennett Paradox,” explained below.— John Horgan

Of all the odd notions to emerge from debates over consciousness, the oddest is that it doesn’t exist, at least not in the way we think it does. It is an illusion, like “Santa Claus” or “American democracy.”

Descartes said consciousness is the one undeniable fact of our existence, and I find it hard to disagree. I’m conscious right now, as I type this sentence, and you are presumably conscious as you read it (although I can’t be absolutely sure).

Sep 29, 2024

The Singularity Is Coming Soon. What Will The World Look Like In 2035?

Posted by in categories: robotics/AI, singularity

The impacts of the Singularity and AI in the next 10 years.

Sep 29, 2024

Can AI feel distress? Inside a new framework to assess sentience

Posted by in categories: information science, robotics/AI

From artificial-intelligence algorithms to zebrafish, this book take a precautionary approach to assessing how sentient such entities are.

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