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Sep 19, 2023
Medical AI and the Promise of RETFound: Pioneering Future Therapies from Retinal Imaging
Posted by Arthur Brown in categories: biotech/medical, health, robotics/AI
At Science4Seniors we strive to take rigorous research published in Scientific Journals and make the core information accessible to all. If you want to support us please like and follow us on Facebook. In recent years, the intersection of medical science and technology has unfurled fascinating possibilities, especially in diagnostics. Among the many marvels we’ve been introduced to, medical artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how we detect and diagnose a plethora of health conditions. One area that stands out significantly in this transformation is the potential of AI in the analysis of retinal images.
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In this intriguing discussion, philosopher David Chalmers and his fellow experts explore the concepts of consciousness, intelligence, and the possibility that we are living in a simulated universe. They delve into the works of Douglas Hofstadter, the idea of an intelligence explosion, and the challenge of aligning artificial general intelligence with human goals. The conversation also touches on the limitations of intelligence, the relationship between complexity and consciousness, and the potential motivations behind simulating a universe.
Space Warfare concepts from science fiction often involve war between planets, and we will discuss the science of that, and war inside a fully colonized solar system or Dyson Swarm.
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Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier.
Sep 19, 2023
World’s first mass-produced humanoid robot wants to solve China’s aging population problem
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: biotech/medical, life extension, robotics/AI
In response to the increasing demand for medical services amid labor shortages and a rapidly aging population, Shanghai-based Fourier Intelligence is developing an innovative humanoid robot. The GR-1, as it is called, promises to transform healthcare facilities and offer vital assistance to the elderly.
Like many countries, China is confronting the challenge of an aging population. The number of individuals aged 60 and over is projected to rise from 280 million to over 400 million by 2035, according to estimates from the country’s National Health Commission. That’s more than the entire population of the United States projected for that year.
Sep 19, 2023
Everything We Know About Neuralink’s Brain Implant Trial
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: biotech/medical, computing, Elon Musk, neuroscience
Elon Musk’s neurotech startup announced that it is now seeking patients with paralysis to test a brain-computer interface.
Sep 19, 2023
New Research Reveals That Butterflies and Moths Share Ancient “Blocks” of DNA
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: biotech/medical, genetics
New research indicates that butterflies and moths share “blocks” of DNA
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule composed of two long strands of nucleotides that coil around each other to form a double helix. It is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms that carries genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).
Sep 19, 2023
New quasi-particle bridges microwave and optical domains
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: computing, particle physics, quantum physics
In a paper published today (Sept. 18) in Nature Communications, researchers from the Paul-Drude-Institut in Berlin, Germany, and the Instituto Balseiro in Bariloche, Argentina, demonstrated that the mixing of confined quantum fluids of light and GHz sound leads to the emergence of an elusive phonoriton quasi-particle—in part a quantum of light (photon), a quantum of sound (phonon) and a semiconductor exciton. This discovery opens a novel way to coherently convert information between optical and microwave domains, bringing potential benefits to the fields of photonics, optomechanics and optical communication technologies.
The research team’s work draws inspiration from an everyday phenomenon: the transfer of energy between two coupled oscillators, such as, for instance, two pendulums connected by a spring. Under specific coupling conditions, known as the strong-coupling (SC) regime, energy continuously oscillates between the two pendulums, which are no longer independent, as their frequencies and decay rates are not those of the uncoupled ones. The oscillators can also be photonic or electronic quantum states: the SC regime, in this case, is fundamental for quantum state control and swapping.
In the above example, the two pendulums are assumed to have the same frequency, i.e., in resonance. However, hybrid quantum systems require coherent information transfer between oscillators with largely dissimilar frequencies. Here, one important example is in networks of quantum computers. While the most promising quantum computers operate with microwave qubits (i.e., at few GHz), quantum information is efficiently transferred using near infrared photons (100ds THz).
Sep 19, 2023
Unprecedented Radio Wave Detection From a Type Ia Supernova
Posted by Dan Breeden in category: cosmology
Astronomers have, for the first time, detected radio waves from a Type Ia supernova, uncovering new clues about white dwarf.
A white dwarf star is the remnant of star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel, but it lacks the mass to become a neutron star. A typical white dwarf is only slightly bigger than Earth, yet it is 200,000 times as dense.
Sep 19, 2023
Researchers from MIT and Microsoft Introduce DoLa: A Novel AI Decoding Strategy Aimed at Reducing Hallucinations in LLMs
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: biotech/medical, law, robotics/AI
Numerous natural language processing (NLP) applications have benefited greatly from using large language models (LLMs). While LLMs have improved in performance and gained additional capabilities due to being scaled, they still have a problem with “hallucinating” or producing information inconsistent with the real-world facts detected during pre-training. This represents a significant barrier to adoption for high-stakes applications (such as those found in clinical and legal settings), where the generation of trustworthy text is essential.
The maximum likelihood language modeling target, which seeks to minimize the forward KL divergence between the data and model distributions, may be to blame for LMs’ hallucinations. However, this is far from certain. The LM may assign a non-zero probability to phrases that are not fully consistent with the knowledge encoded in the training data if this goal is pursued.
From the perspective of the interpretability of the model, studies have shown that the earlier layers of transformer LMs encode “lower level” information (such as part-of-speech tags). In contrast, the later levels encode more “semantic” information.
