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I learned something new today; the first fax machine was built in 1860; and using the Nodal Clock for more accurate timestamping of real-time media IP signals and future event handling.


When transmitting an image from a sender to a receiver some notion of synchronization is required. In the 1860s Giovanni Caselli invented the Pantelegraph (a fax) that used a pendulum clock to regulate the transmitter’s scanning stylus and the receiver’s writing stylus.

In our day, “black-burst sync” and “tri-level sync” were used to align video signals in a facility. Now with Ethernet/IP taking the reins, synchronization may be achieved with common nodal clocks. The essence is for a “slave node” to lock its clock to a “master node” clock. Common node clocks can be used to create sync as will be shown. The SMPTE ST 2059 family of standards and the IEEE-1588 V2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) standard are the basis for facility clocking and signal synchronization using IP networks.

The fundamental metrics of synchronization are time, frequency and phasing. From Fig. 1, each node has an individual clock with a time of day (ToD with date) that is governed by a frequency source or “time base.” By way of example, the time base may be 60 cycles per second (Tp = 1/60) or some other constant value. The signal is shown as a sine wave, but other periodic signals will do. Clock 1 is typically locked to a GPS time source in some manner.

With the success of Graphene as a material for BMI plus the new micro stints that can travel through blood cells to the brain; prosthetic technology is only going to continue to improve to maybe even a point where some athletes may wish to have physical and endurance capabilities improved through this type of technology if it is approved and allowed by the various athletic associations.


A team of researchers has demonstrated the first-ever successful prosthetic arm that can control individual fingers with thoughts.

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Chatbots are the “Swans of Bots”.


Chatbots, historically maligned as “weak AI,” are finally transforming from ugly duckling to beautiful swan. According to recent predictions, chatbots (#ConvComm) will be big. Like, Google-killing big, heralding the end of apps and search as we know it — or so proclaimed Forbes and The Wall Street Journal.

Much ink has been spilled. Startups are spawning and capital is flowing, even in these uncertain times. But what is a chatbot, and what can they actually do? Here are five myths debunked:

Myth No. 1: Chatbots and bots are the same thing!

Why it is important to think like a criminal when developing AI as well as Cyber Defense. Recently, I shared some insights on how AI could be used by Criminals (not just hackers) and making it extremely hard for the existing legal system to catch criminals. Robots (just like drones recently have been used) could be used in many ways by cartels, robbers & burglars, killers, and even worse. This is why we have to have solid cyber defense plus stop gaps in place for the legal system to diffuse dangers that could be implemented.


ThreatMetrix’s new report has come up with several new insights from the last quarter including the evolution of bot tactics to avoid the traditional defences of lenders and banks.

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No is the answer to this question — example; lets say we have a drug cartel that has a front person by 10 robots at $10K each; then the cartel has on their payroll some hot shot robotic engineers who can reprogram their bots and teaches them to kill or push drugs, etc. Now, you see why the answer is “No”.


Called Quixote, the system teaches ‘value alignment’ to robots by training them to read stories, learn acceptable sequences of events and understand successful ways to behave in human societies.

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