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Category: information science – Page 5

When quantum electrodynamics, the quantum field theory of electrons and photons, was being developed after World War II, one of the major challenges for theorists was calculating a value for the Lamb shift, the energy of a photon resulting from an electron transitioning from one hydrogen hyperfine energy level to another.

The effect was first detected by Willis Lamb and Robert Retherford in 1947, with the emitted photon having a frequency of 1,000 megahertz, corresponding to a photon wavelength of 30 cm and an energy of 4 millionths of an electronvolt—right on the lower edge of the microwave spectrum. It came when the one electron of the hydrogen atom transitioned from the 2P1/2 energy level to the 2S1/2 level. (The leftmost number is the principal quantum number, much like the discrete but increasing circular orbits of the Bohr atom.)

Conventional quantum mechanics didn’t have such transitions, and Dirac’s relativistic Schrödinger equation (naturally called the Dirac equation) did not have such a hyperfine transition either, because the shift is a consequence of interactions with the vacuum, and Dirac’s vacuum was a “sea” that did not interact with real particles.

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Super-resolution (SR) technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of images. SR reconstruction aims to generate high-resolution images from low-resolution ones. Traditional methods often result in blurred or distorted images. Advanced techniques such as sparse representation and deep learning-based methods have shown promising results but still face limitations in terms of noise robustness and computational complexity.

In a recent study published in Sensors, researchers from the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed innovative solutions that integrate chaotic mapping into SR image process, significantly enhancing the image quality across various fields.

Researchers innovatively introduced circle chaotic mapping into the dictionary sequence solving process of the K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) dictionary update . This integration facilitated balanced traversal and simplified the search for global optimal solutions, thereby enhancing the noise robustness of the SR reconstruction.

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What is the deepest level of reality? In this Quanta explainer, Vijay Balasubramanian, a physicist at the University of Pennsylvania, takes us on a journey through space-time to investigate what it’s made of, why it’s failing us, and where physics can go next.

Explore black holes, holograms, “alien algebra,” and more space-time geometry: https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-un…

00:00 — The Planck length, an intro to space-time.
1:23 — Descartes and Newton investigate space and time.
2:04 — Einstein’s special relativity.
2:32 — The geometry of space-time and the manifold.
3:16 — Einstein’s general relativity: space-time in four dimensions.
3:35 — The mathematical curvature of space-time.
4:57 — Einstein’s field equation.
6:04 — Singularities: where general relativity fails.
6:50 — Quantum mechanics (amplitudes, entanglement, Schrödinger equation)
8:32 — The problem of quantum gravity.
9:38 — Applying quantum mechanics to our manifold.
10:36 — Why particle accelerators can’t test quantum gravity.
11:28 — Is there something deeper than space-time?
11:45 — Hawking and Bekenstein discover black holes have entropy.
13:54 — The holographic principle.
14:49 — AdS/CFT duality.
16:06 — Space-time may emerge from entanglement.
17:44 — The path to quantum gravity.

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Continue reading “Space-Time: The Biggest Problem in Physics” | >

Tachyons, the hypothetical particles that travel faster than light, have long fascinated scientists and enthusiasts. In this video, we explore how the McGinty Equation (MEQ) serves as a groundbreaking tool in understanding these elusive particles. Delve into the world of quantum mechanics, fractal geometry, and gravity as we uncover the potential of tachyons to revolutionize science and technology. From their intriguing properties, such as imaginary mass and energy reduction at high speeds, to their implications for faster-than-light communication and interstellar exploration, this video is a journey into uncharted territories of physics.

We also discuss the quest to detect tachyons, innovative experimental methods, and the role of MEQ in guiding researchers. Could tachyons be the key to unlocking new dimensions, explaining dark matter and energy, or understanding the origins of the universe? Join us in this deep dive into the unknown and discover the potential future of tachyon research.

#Tachyons #McGintyEquation #QuantumMechanics #FractalGeometry #FasterThanLight #ImaginaryMass #QuantumPhysics #AdvancedPhysics #TachyonResearch #LightSpeedPhysics #QuantumFieldTheory #ScientificDiscovery #SpaceTime #InterstellarTravel #DarkMatter #DarkEnergy #FasterThanLightCommunication #PhysicsBreakthrough #CosmicMysteries #HypotheticalParticles

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Imagine a world where energy is limitless, clean, and ever-present—a world powered by Zero Point Energy (ZPE). In this video, we delve into the fascinating concept of ZPE, a quantum mechanics phenomenon that reveals the hidden energy within the quantum vacuum. Discover how the McGinty Equation offers a theoretical framework for understanding this incredible energy source while addressing the challenges of thermodynamics. From the intriguing interplay of quantum fluctuations and fractal geometry to the enduring laws of physics, this video explores the science, potential, and limitations of Zero Point Energy.

Join us as we navigate the quantum sea, examining how energy whispers through the fabric of space-time and why harnessing ZPE may be one of humanity’s most ambitious quests. Whether you’re intrigued by the mysteries of the universe, cutting-edge scientific theories, or the potential for revolutionary energy solutions, this video offers a compelling exploration of one of quantum physics’ most captivating topics.

#ZeroPointEnergy #QuantumMechanics #VacuumEnergy #McGintyEquation #CleanEnergy #FractalGeometry #SpaceTime #QuantumVacuum #EnergyFluctuations #Thermodynamics #PerpetualMotion #Entropy #QuantumFieldTheory #RenewableEnergy #InfiniteEnergy #PhysicsExplained #QuantumScience #FuturisticEnergy #EnergySolutions #QuantumPhysics

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Users of Google’s Chrome browser can rest easy knowing that their surfing is secure, thanks in part to cryptographer Joppe Bos. He’s coauthor of a quantum-secure encryption algorithm that was adopted as a standard by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in August and is already being implemented in a wide range of technology products, including Chrome.

Rapid advances in quantum computing have stoked fears that future devices may be able to break the encryption used by most modern technology. These approaches to encryption typically rely on mathematical puzzles that are too complex for classical computers to crack. But quantum computers can exploit quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement to compute these problems much faster, and a powerful enough machine should be able to break current encryption.

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Students learning quantum mechanics are taught the Schrodinger equation and how to solve it to obtain a wave function. But a crucial step is skipped because it has puzzled scientists since the earliest days—how does the real, classical world emerge from, often, a large number of solutions for the wave functions?

Each of these wave functions has its individual shape and associated , but how does the “collapse” into what we see as the classical world—atoms, cats and the pool noodles floating in the tepid swimming pool of a seedy hotel in Las Vegas hosting a convention of hungover businessmen trying to sell the world a better mousetrap?

At a high level, this is handled by the “Born rule”—the postulate that the probability density for finding an object at a particular location is proportional to the square of the wave function at that position.

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• Ethics: As AI gets more powerful, we need to address ethics such as bias in algorithms, misuse, privacy and civil liberties.

• AI Regulation: Governments and organizations will need to develop regulations and guidelines for the responsible use of AI in cybersecurity to prevent misuse and ensure accountability.

AI is a game changer in cybersecurity, for both good and bad. While AI gives defenders powerful tools to detect, prevent and respond to threats, it also equips attackers with superpowers to breach defenses. How we use AI for good and to mitigate the bad will determine the future of cybersecurity.

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The company behind Oreo cookies has, by its own admission, been quietly creating new flavors using machine learning.

As the Wall Street Journal reports, Mondelez — the processed food behemoth that manufactures Oreos, Chips Ahoy, Clif Bars, and other popular snacks — has developed a new AI tool to dream up new flavors for its brands.

Used in more than 70 of the company’s products, the company says the machine learning tool is different from generative AI tools like ChatGPT and more akin to the drug discovery algorithms used by pharmaceutical companies to find and test new medications rapidly. Thus far the tool, created with the help of the software consultant Fourkind, has created products like the “Gluten Free Golden Oreo” and updated Chips Ahoy’s classic recipe, per the WSJ.

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