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What happens if you grow plants on the Moon? New study shows how they react

If (or when) human exploration of our planetary neighbours goes ahead, this is a question that future colonists would have to tackle.

What do you need to make your garden grow? As well as plenty of sunshine alternating with gentle showers of rain — and busy bees and butterflies to pollinate the plants — you need good, rich soil to provide essential minerals. But imagine you had no rich soil, or showers of rain, or bees and butterflies. And the sunshine was either too harsh and direct or absent — causing freezing temperatures.


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The researchers behind the study cultivated the fast-growing plant Arabidopsis thaliana in samples of lunar regolith (soil) brought back from three different places on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts.

A meta-analysis of previous studies provides insight into how long the effects of cannabis last

The first-of-its-kind meta-analysis synthesized the results of 80 different scientific research.


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Unsurprisingly, the duration of the impairment depends on the dose of THC, whether it was inhaled or taken orally, the frequency of the individual’s consumption, and the requirements of the work being performed while intoxicated, according to a press release published by the University of Sydney.

Electroporation and cell killing

All strength-duration curves expectedly climbed as pulse duration decreased (Fig. 9 A). The nerve stimulation thresholds rose much faster (similar to findings with H-FIRE17), thereby decreasing the ratio of cell killing and excitation thresholds for shorter pulses (Fig. 9 B). Nanosecond pulses showed a profound and unequivocal advantage over conventional 100-µs pulses: The ratio of cell killing and excitation thresholds dropped from as high as 500 for unipolar 100-µs pulses to 13 for unipolar 150-ns pulses. Engaging bipolar cancellation further decreased this ratio to only 4 for bipolar 150 ns pulses (Fig. 9 B). Thus, bipolar nanosecond pulses are the best choice for the reduction of neuromuscular stimulation from PEF ablation.

The stimulation boundaries for ablation with different pulse durations and shapes are illustrated by a hypothetical example in Fig. 10. Based on data in Fig. 9 and numerical simulations of the electric field distribution, we explored how far electrostimulation will reach from an ablation area. A tumor 0.7 cm in diameter was placed between two needle electrodes (0.5-cm diameter, 1.7-cm center-to-center distance) for ablation by PEF, and 300 pulses were delivered at the minimum amplitude needed for tumor ablation. Nerve stimulation occurred within a range of about 2 cm for bipolar 200-ns pulses, but as far as 20 cm away for unipolar 100-µs pulses.

Mark Zuckerberg said he missed a giant shift in social networking

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg failed to anticipate a newer trend in social networking that contributed to the success of rival TikTok.

In an interview published Wednesday in analyst Ben Thompson’s Statechery newsletter, the Facebook founder said he “sort of missed” a newer way that people “interact with discovered content” via social networking services. People are increasingly using their social networking “feeds” to discover compelling content as opposed to viewing the media shared by the friends that they follow, he explained.

Although people still interact with content that their friends share in their feeds, the overall social networking trend has “by and large shifted to you use your feed to discover content, you find things that are interesting, you send them to your friends in messages and you interact there,” Zuckerberg said.

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