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Volcanologists confirm dormant Alaska volcano emitting sulfur clouds after centuries of silence

Volcanologists say the mountain isn’t erupting, yet it’s stirring. The air above the ridge is turning thorny and metallic, a caution flag for pilots and a puzzle for the scientists who listen to rocks. In a place where weather already rules the day, the sky just picked up a new voice.

The first hint wasn’t dramatic. It was a smell—faint, almost shy—like a match just struck and blown out on an icy ridge. A pilot crossing the Aleutians radioed a hazy strip hanging off a lonely summit, not smoke, not weather, something in between. Out on the gravel bar, a field tech rubbed a gloved thumb across a thin yellow smear on late spring snow and didn’t say a word. A satellite pass, then another, traced a ribbon of sulfur above open water. The mountain had gone from silence to a whisper. That whisper could carry.

Discovery of a new principle: Chiral molecules adhere to magnets

A research group at The University of Tokyo has discovered a new principle by which helical chiral molecules acquire spin through molecular vibrations, enabling them to adhere to magnets. Until now, it was believed that chiral molecules could only exhibit magnetic properties when an electric current was applied. This discovery overturns that conventional understanding.

Chiral molecules, which have a helical structure, are known to interact with magnets in a phenomenon known as chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS). For instance, when a chiral molecule is connected to a magnet and an electric current is applied, magnetoresistance effects can be observed. It has also been reported that magnets can be used to separate right-handed and left-handed chiral molecules.

The prevailing explanation is that the flow of current through a chiral molecule induces magnetic properties, similar to an electromagnet. However, this explanation has limitations, as it does not fully account for the large magnetoresistance effects or CISS phenomena observed even in the absence of an electric current.

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Inside X0 and XTR-0

XTR-0 is the first way Extropic chips will be integrated with conventional computers. We intend to build more advanced systems around future TSUs that allow them to more easily integrate with conventional AI accelerators like GPUs. This could take the form of something simple like a PCIe card, or could in principle be as complicated as building a single chip that contains both a GPU and a TSU.

X0 houses a family of circuits that generate samples from primitive probability distributions. Our future chips will combine millions of these probabilistic circuits to run EBMs efficiently.

The probabilistic circuits on X0 output random continuous-time voltage signals. Repeatedly observing the signals (waiting sufficiently long between observations) allows a user to generate approximately independent samples from the distribution embodied by the circuit. These circuits are used to generate the random output voltage, making them much more energy efficient than their counterparts on deterministic digital computers.

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