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Category: cosmology – Page 7

Cosmic Paradox Reveals the Awful Consequence of an Observer-Free Universe

From the article:

Quantum mechanics requires a distinction between an observer — such as the scientist carrying out an experiment — and the system they observe. The system tends to be something small and quantum, like an atom. The observer is big and far away, and thus well described by classical physics. Shaghoulian observed that this split was analogous to the kind that enlarges the Hilbert spaces of topological field theories. Perhaps an observer could do the same to these closed, impossibly simple-seeming universes?

In 2024, Zhao moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she began to work on the problem of how to put an observer into a closed universe. She and two colleagues —Daniel Harlow and Mykhaylo Usatyuk — thought of the observer as introducing a new kind of boundary: not the edge of the universe, but the boundary of the observer themself. When you consider a classical observer inside a closed universe, all the complexity of the world returns, Zhao and her collaborators showed.

The MIT team’s paper(opens a new tab) came out at the beginning of 2025, around the same time that another group came forward with a similar idea(opens a new tab). Others chimed in(opens a new tab) to point out connections to earlier work.

At this stage, everyone involved emphasizes that they don’t know the full solution. The paradox itself may be a misunderstanding, one that evaporates with a new argument. But so far, adding an observer to the closed universe and trying to account for their presence may be the safest path.

“Am I really confident to say that it’s right, it’s the thing that solves the problem? I cannot say that. We try our best,” Zhao said.

If the idea holds up, using the subjective nature of the observer as a way to account for the complexity of the universe would represent a paradigm shift in physics. Physicists typically seek a view from nowhere, a stand-alone description of nature. They want to know how the world works, and how observers like us emerge as parts of the world. But as physicists come to understand closed universes in terms of private boundaries around private observers, this view from nowhere seems less and less viable. Perhaps views from somewhere are all that we can ever have.

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JWST Just Finds Objects Much Older Than The Universe & Nobel Scientist Claims It’s Another Universe

#webbtelescopeimage.
#darkmatter #darkenergy #einstein #blackhole #cosmicmicrowavebackground #bigbang #oldergalaxies.

Evidence of Primordial black hole — https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-may-have-found-the-first-d…black-hole mysterious red dots — https://archive.ph/8UUt4

Most distant objects ever discovered candidates-https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.

Scientists are starting to rethink what they thought they knew about the universe, thanks to the latest discoveries from the James Webb Space Telescope. In its new images of the farthest regions of space, Webb has revealed things that current theories simply cannot explain.

For the first time, scientists may have found signs of an entirely new kind of black hole—something that challenges the traditional Big Bang model. Webb has also uncovered record-breaking distant galaxies that look far stranger than expected, leaving experts puzzled. On top of that, the telescope has spotted many mysterious objects in huge numbers—but no one really knows what they are.

Even more surprising, some of these discoveries suggest that our universe could be part of something much bigger and stranger than we ever imagined. Let’s explore what scientists have actually discovered—and how these findings suggest that something may exist beyond our universe.

Continue reading “JWST Just Finds Objects Much Older Than The Universe & Nobel Scientist Claims It’s Another Universe” | >

Physicists drive antihydrogen breakthrough at CERN with record trapping technique

Physicists from Swansea University have played the leading role in a scientific breakthrough at CERN, developing an innovative technique that increases the antihydrogen trapping rate by a factor of ten.

The advancement, achieved as part of the international Antihydrogen Laser Physics Apparatus (ALPHA) collaboration, has been published in Nature Communications and could help answer one of the biggest questions in physics: Why is there such a large imbalance between matter and antimatter? According to the Big Bang theory, equal amounts were created at the beginning of the universe, so why is the world around us made almost entirely of matter?

Antihydrogen is the “mirror version” of hydrogen, made from an antiproton and a positron. Trapping and studying it helps scientists explore how antimatter behaves, and whether it follows the same rules as matter.

Dark energy might be changing and so is the Universe

Dark energy may be alive and changing, reshaping the cosmos in ways we’re only beginning to uncover. New supercomputer simulations hint that dark energy might be dynamic, not constant, subtly reshaping the Universe’s structure. The findings align with recent DESI observations, offering the strongest evidence yet for an evolving cosmic force.

Since the early 20th century, scientists have gathered convincing evidence that the Universe is expanding — and that this expansion is accelerating. The force responsible for this acceleration is called dark energy, a mysterious property of spacetime thought to push galaxies apart. For decades, the prevailing cosmological model, known as Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM), has assumed that dark energy remains constant throughout cosmic history. This simple but powerful assumption has been the foundation of modern cosmology. Yet, it leaves one key question unresolved: what if dark energy changes over time instead of remaining fixed?

Recent observations have started to challenge this long-held view. Data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) — an advanced project that maps the distribution of galaxies across the Universe — suggests the possibility of a dynamic dark energy (DDE) component. Such a finding would mark a significant shift from the standard ΛCDM model. While this points to a more intricate and evolving cosmic story, it also exposes a major gap in understanding: how a time-dependent dark energy might shape the formation and growth of cosmic structures remains unclear.

ID830 is the most X-ray luminous radio-loud quasar, observations find

An international team of astronomers have employed the Spektr-RG spacecraft and various ground-based telescopes to investigate a distant quasar known as ID830. Results of the new observations, published November 7 on the pre-print server arXiv, indicate that ID830 is the most X-ray luminous radio-loud quasar known to date.

Quasars, or quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), are (AGN) in the centers of active galaxies, powered by supermassive black holes (SMBHs). They showcase very high bolometric luminosities (over one quattuordecillion erg/s), emitting observable in radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths.

New Proofs Probe Soap-Film Singularities

It would take nearly a century for mathematicians to prove him right. In the early 1930s, Jesse Douglas and Tibor Radó independently showed that the answer to the “Plateau problem” is yes: For any closed curve (your wire frame) in three-dimensional space, you can always find a minimizing two-dimensional surface (your soap film) that has the same boundary. The proof later earned Douglas the first-ever Fields Medal.

Since then, mathematicians have expanded on the Plateau problem in hopes of learning more about minimizing surfaces. These surfaces appear throughout math and science — in proofs of important conjectures in geometry and topology, in the study of cells and black holes, and even in the design of biomolecules. “They’re very beautiful objects to study,” said Otis Chodosh (opens a new tab) of Stanford University. “Very natural, appealing and intriguing.”

Mathematicians now know that Plateau’s prediction is categorically true up through dimension seven. But in higher dimensions, there’s a caveat: The minimizing surfaces that form might not always be nice and smooth, like the disk or hourglass. Instead, they might fold, pinch or intersect themselves in places, forming what are known as singularities. When minimizing surfaces have singularities, it becomes much harder to understand and work with them.

Black hole blast outshines 10 trillion Suns

A distant supermassive black hole has set a new cosmic record, unleashing the brightest flare ever seen as it devoured a gigantic star that wandered too close. A colossal black hole 10 billion light-years away has been caught devouring one of the universe’s biggest stars, unleashing a flare 30 times brighter than any seen before. The flare, detected by Caltech’s ZTF, likely marks a tidal disruption event — when a star is shredded by a black hole’s gravity.

The Universe’s most massive stars typically end their lives in spectacular explosions known as supernovae before collapsing into black holes. But one enormous star seems to have met a very different fate. Instead of exploding, it strayed too close to an immense black hole, which tore it apart and consumed it piece by piece.

That scenario best explains the findings of a new Nature Astronomy study describing the most powerful and most distant flare of energy ever seen from a supermassive black hole. The object was first detected in 2018 by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), a sky survey funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated at Caltech’s Palomar Observatory. It was also tracked by the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, another NSF-funded Caltech project. The flare brightened dramatically — by a factor of 40 within months — and at its peak was 30 times more luminous than any black hole flare observed before. At maximum intensity, it shone with the light of 10 trillion suns.

Cosmic ray puzzle resolved as scientists link ‘knee’ formation to black holes

Milestone results released by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) on November 16 have solved a decades-old mystery about the cosmic ray energy spectrum—which shows a sharp decrease in cosmic rays above 3 PeV, giving it an unusual knee-like shape.

The cause of the “knee” has remained unclear since its discovery nearly 70 years ago. Scientists have speculated that it is linked to the acceleration limit of the astrophysical sources of cosmic rays and reflects the transition of the cosmic ray energy spectrum from one power-law distribution to another.

Now, however, two recent studies—published in National Science Review and Science Bulletin, respectively—demonstrate that micro-quasars driven by black hole system accretion are powerful particle accelerators in the Milky Way and are the likely source of the “knee.” The studies also advance our understanding of the extreme physical processes of black hole systems.

Universe’s expansion ‘is now slowing, not speeding up’: Evidence mounts that dark energy weakens over time

The universe’s expansion may actually have started to slow rather than accelerating at an ever-increasing rate as previously thought, a new study suggests.

“Remarkable” findings published today in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society cast doubt on the long-standing theory that a mysterious force known as ‘dark energy’ is driving distant galaxies away increasingly faster.

Instead, they show no evidence of an accelerating universe.

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