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Category: cosmology – Page 154

Quantum Black Holes: First Detection of Stimulated Hawking Radiation

A team of researchers have claimed to have recently detected a telltale signature of stimulated Hawking radiation from a post-merger black hole. If the researchers’ analysis of gravitational wave data is correct, then they may have found the first evidence of Planck-scale quantum structure at the event horizon of a black hole (quantum horizons). The key signature of a non-classical horizon is an echo signal in the gravitational waves that are detected after the primary merger event of a binary black hole system. The evidence is tentative, but nevertheless tantalizing. Such research is pivotal to advancing our understanding of quantum effects in strong gravity, where novel aspects of the theory of quantum gravity may be hard at work, as exemplified in the remarkable research The Origin of Mass and the Nature of Gravity, in which physicist Nassim Haramein with his colleagues Dr. Olivier Alirol and Dr. Cyprien Guermonprez have demonstrated that the mass-energy of Hawking radiation from a baryonic-scale mini black hole exactly produces the observed rest-mass energy of the proton, demonstrating that the proton rest-mass is the result of quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field in strongly curved spacetime. The analysis of gravitational wave data for an echo signature, the smoking gun of quantum horizons and Hawking radiation, in conjunction with recent observation of Unruh radiation from accelerating electrons, is a significant confirmation of quantum gravitational predictions of unified physics, which we see in solutions like that of Haramein et al. are the solution to understanding the source of mass and force originating from quantum vacuum fluctuations in curved spacetime. It is a major advancement because Unruh-Hawking radiation can no longer be said to be “only theoretical”

Informational Nature of Dark Matter and Dark Energy and the Cosmological Constant

In this article, realistic quantitative estimation of dark matter and dark energy considered as informational phenomena have been computed, thereby explaining certain anomalies and effects within the universe. Moreover, by the same conceptual approach, the cosmological constant problem has been reduced by almost 120 orders of magnitude in the prediction of the vacuum energy from a quantum point of view. We argue that dark matter is an informational field with finite and quantifiable negative mass, distinct from the conventional fields of matter of quantum field theory and associated with the number of bits of information in the observable universe, while dark energy is negative energy, calculated as the energy associated with dark matter.

James Webb Space Telescope finds ‘extremely red’ supermassive black hole growing in the early universe

Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers have discovered an “extremely red” supermassive black hole growing in the shadowy, early universe.

The red hue of the supermassive black hole, seen as it was around 700 million years after the Big Bang, is the result of the expanding universe. As the universe balloons outward in all directions, light traveling toward us gets “redshifted,” and the redshifted light in this case indicates a cloak of thick gas and dust shrouding the black hole.

Scientists Map the Largest Magnetic fields in Galaxy Clusters using Synchrotron Intensity Gradient

In a new study, scientists have mapped magnetic fields in galaxy clusters, revealing the impact of galactic mergers on magnetic-field structures and challenging previous assumptions about the efficiency of turbulent dynamo processes in the amplification of these fields.

Galaxy clusters are large, gravitationally bound systems containing numerous galaxies, hot gas, and dark matter. They represent some of the most massive structures in the universe. These clusters can consist of hundreds to thousands of galaxies, bound together by gravity, and are embedded in vast halos of hot gas called the intracluster medium (ICM).

ICM, consisting mainly of ionized hydrogen and helium, is held together by the gravitational pull of the cluster itself. Magnetic fields in large-scale structures, like galaxy clusters, play pivotal roles in shaping astrophysical processes. They influence the ICM, impact galaxy formation and evolution, contribute to cosmic ray transport, participate in cosmic magnetization, and serve as tracers of large-scale structure evolution.

Space observatory in Chile unveils new maps of the universe

We are always making strides to unravel the mysteries of our universe. Now, a small observatory nestled in the Andes mountains of northern Chile has provided a snapshot of the cosmos in space. This one is clearer than we imagined.

The U.S. National Science Foundation Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS), spearheaded by astrophysicists from Johns Hopkins University, mapped a whopping 75 percent of the sky.

Exploring galaxy groups and clusters and their brightest galaxies within the cosmic web

A common belief among astronomers is that galaxy groups and clusters differ mainly in the number of galaxies they contain—there are fewer galaxies in groups and more in clusters. Led by Maret Einasto, astronomers at Tartu Observatory of the University of Tartu decided to look into that and discovered even more differences between groups and clusters.

The structure of the universe can be described as a giant network, a cosmic web, with chains (filaments) of single galaxies and small groups of galaxies connecting rich and clusters that can contain thousands of galaxies. Between galaxy systems, there are giant voids with almost no visible matter (galaxies and gas). Galaxy groups and clusters can, in turn, form even larger systems called superclusters.

In their study, Tartu astronomers used data on galaxy groups, their brightest galaxies (so-called main galaxies), and their surroundings. The aim was to combine these data to see whether it could provide new information about the possible classification of groups of different sizes.

New measurement of cosmic distances in the dark energy survey gives clues about the nature of dark energy

We now have a standard model of cosmology, the current version of the Big Bang theory. Although it has proved very successful, its consequences are staggering. We know only 5% of the content of the universe, which is normal matter. The remaining 95% is made up of two exotic entities that have never been produced in the laboratory and whose physical nature is still unknown.

These are , which accounts for 25% of the content of the cosmos, and dark energy, which contributes 70%. In the standard model of cosmology, dark energy is the energy of empty space, and its density remains constant throughout the .

According to this theory, propagated in the very early universe. In those early stages, the universe had an enormous temperature and density. The pressure in this initial gas tried to push the particles that formed it apart, while gravity tried to pull them together, and the competition between the two forces created sound waves that propagated from the beginning of the universe until about 400,000 years after the Big Bang.

Research Roundup: Dark Energy, Scientific Censorship, and More

What can the night sky tell us about the expansion of the universe?

It’s a loaded question, one that researchers across the globe have been trying to answer for decades. Since 2013, they’ve been helped by the Dark Energy Survey (DES), a collaboration of more than 400 scientists at 25 institutions. At Penn, this includes Masao Sako, Arifa Hasan Ahmad and Nada Al Shoaibi Presidential Professor of Physics and Astronomy; Bhuvnesh Jain, Walter H. and Leonore C. Annenberg Professor in the Natural Sciences; Gary Bernstein, Reese W. Flower Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics; and a handful of others from the Department of Physics & Astronomy.

In 2019, the DES finished collecting data, but analysis and discoveries continue, including one that Sako and colleagues announced recently in which they validated the “cosmic acceleration” model and dark energy’s role in it. That research is one of five recent studies detailed below, in this second iteration of Omnia’s new research roundup.

White dwarf star has metal scar after gobbling planetary fragment

Astronomers have spotted an unusual sign that a dead star feasted on a fragment of a planet orbiting it: a metal scar on the star’s surface. The revelation sheds light on the dynamic nature of planetary systems even in the end stages of a star’s life cycle — and could foretell the eventual fate of our own solar system, according to the scientists.

Planets form from swirls of gas and dust called a protoplanetary disk that surrounds a newly formed star. But as the star ages and dies, the stellar object can consume the very planets and asteroids it helped create.

Astronomers observed a dead star, known as a white dwarf, located about 63 light-years away from Earth using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile. The observation revealed a metallic feature on the star’s surface that the researchers determined was related to a change detected in the star’s magnetic field. A new study detailing the observation appeared Monday in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

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