In a recent study published in Nature Communications, researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that the molecular machinery responsible for cellular energy conversion is more interconnected than previously understood, shedding light on how mitochondria adapt under stress.

Mitochondria generate most of the cell’s energy by converting nutrients into ATP, the molecule that powers nearly all cellular processes. Although ATP synthase and metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle have long been known to work together, they have generally been viewed as separate systems.