Adipose-brain axis in metabolic inflammation.

White adipose tissue (WAT) in addition to storing excess energy also releases cytokines, lipid mediators, adipokines, and extracellular vesicles that influence brain physiology.

The inflammatory mediators disrupt key brain interfaces, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), perivascular and glymphatic clearance pathways, promoting endothelial dysfunction, altered astrocyte-pericyte support, impaired amyloid-b clearance, and region-specific glial activation.

In the brain, obesity-associated neuroinflammation leads to various neuronal dysfunction including cognition.

The authors discuss the role of adipokines in adipose-brain communication during obesity including how they contribute to neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction.

The authors also discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the adipose-brain axis, including exercise and dietary interventions and pharmacological approaches such as orlistat and incretin-based therapies. sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/adipose-brain-axis

Overweight and obesity have emerged as global health crises and are increasingly recognized as drivers of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Beyond excess energy storage, white adipose tissue (WAT) functions as an active endocrine and immune organ that, during obesity, undergoes inflammatory remodeling and releases cytokines, lipid mediators, adipokines, and extracellular vesicles that influence brain physiology. These peripheral signals disrupt key brain interfaces, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), perivascular and glymphatic clearance pathways, promoting endothelial dysfunction, altered astrocyte-pericyte support, impaired amyloid-β clearance, and region-specific glial activation.