As companies such as Elon Musk’s Neuralink begin human trials of high-risk brain implants, a new proposal calls for a major change in how the U.S. handles injuries caused by the devices.

The article published in Science suggests a “no-fault” compensation program to help patients harmed by devices like brain-computer interfaces (BCIs)—even when no one is legally at fault.

These devices, which are implanted in the brain to treat serious conditions like epilepsy or paralysis, can offer life-changing benefits. But they also come with serious risks such as seizures, strokes or even death. And when something goes wrong, patients often have no way to get help or compensation.