In the latest release of images collected by the Euclid space telescope, there are close-ups of distant galaxies where stars are in the process of forming
Get the latest international news and world events from around the world.
Address for correspondence
Joseph M. Metzger, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6–125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55,455, USA. Phone: 612.625.8296; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Hosny, N. in: | Google Scholar
Department of integrative biology and physiology, university of minnesota medical school, minneapolis, minnesota, USA.
Half of young adults with type 2 diabetes reach remission through diet and exercise
More than half of young adults with type 2 diabetes put their disease into remission after six months on a combined low-calorie diet and supervised exercise program, according to an international trial led by two Nominated Principal Investigators, Dr. Kaberi Dasgupta, Senior Scientist in the Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program and the Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (The Institute) and Professor Tom Yates of the University of Leicester, in a Canada-UK collaboration that marked the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin.
The RESET for Remission study was recently published in The Lancet Regional Health – Americas and presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Milan. Of the 50 young adults with type 2 diabetes who randomized to the intensive diet and exercise program, 27 (54%) reached remission, compared with just 2 of 46 (4%) who received usual care. Remission means blood sugar drops below the level used to diagnose diabetes, with no diabetes medication for at least 12 weeks. Importantly, they also had other key health benefits.
AI confirms a long-suspected limit on quantum computers’ advantages
An AI-powered proof has rigorously shown that using quantum computers wouldn’t have huge advantages for a whole class of mathematical problems, confirming a vastly influential conjecture
A new twist on ‘magic-angle’ graphene: Tuning resistance with strain
In materials science labs around the world, researchers regularly reproduce a peculiar experiment. Under a microscope, they use tiny robotic manipulators to lay two sheets of carbon, each a single atom thick, against one another. They then rotate the top sheet against the bottom. The two identical lattices of atoms, when twisted relative to one another, bloom into a complex moiré pattern, a shifting complex of honeycomb shapes that grow and shrink as the angle between the layers changes.
A landmark study, published by MIT researchers in 2018, showed that when the top layer is rotated to the so-called “magic angle” of 1.1 degrees and cooled to near absolute zero, the material can become superconducting, a state in which electrons flow freely through the material with no resistance. The discovery ignited hopes of future breakthroughs in superconducting materials, which could help create extremely efficient computers, power grids and new quantum devices.
In the years following that key experiment, scientists have teased new properties out of the “moiré material” by introducing temperature changes, voltages and magnetic fields. Now, researchers at the University of Washington have added a new variable by stretching and compressing the material.
Engineered albumin helps a therapeutic protein last longer and cross mucosal barriers
Protein-based medicines have transformed the treatment of many diseases, but they often come with a limitation: they must be injected, sometimes repeatedly, because they are rapidly cleared from the bloodstream. For patients who depend on long-term or lifelong treatment, frequent injections place a considerable burden on everyday life.
Now, researchers from the University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, together with international collaborators, have developed an approach to make a therapeutic protein last longer in the body while also opening the possibility of delivering it across mucosal surfaces without the use of needles. The work is published in Nature Communications.
Webb detects most distant black hole merger to date
An international team of astronomers have used the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope to find evidence for an ongoing merger of two galaxies and their massive black holes when the Universe was only 740 million years old. This marks the most distant detection of a black hole merger ever obtained and the first time that this phenomenon has been detected so early in the Universe.
The Universe as Spontaneously Created out of Nothing: Whitehead, Vilenkin, and Quantum Cosmology
Alexander Vilenkin is one of the world’s leading cosmologists and a pioneer in the development of inflationary cosmology and multiverse theory. A professor at Tufts University and founding director of its Institute of Cosmology, he is especially known for proposing the “tunneling from nothing” model of cosmic origins and, with Alan Guth and Arvind Borde, for demonstrating that inflationary universes cannot be extended infinitely into the past. His work has profoundly shaped contemporary discussions of the origin, structure, and possible multiplicity of universes. In this video” Vilenkin explores the theoretical origins of the cosmos by examining how inflation might have started. Through the lens of quantum cosmology, the discussion investigates the mathematical possibility of a universe spontaneously emerging from a state of nothingness governed by the laws of physics.”
Some signs of quantum gravity may be an illusion
The Challenge of Quantum Gravity
A central expectation is that gravity itself should ultimately follow the rules of quantum mechanics. That possibility quickly becomes difficult to visualize.
Quantum mechanics allows an object to be delocalized across multiple locations at the same time, an effect that has been repeatedly demonstrated with atoms and even small pieces of metal. Einstein’s theory, meanwhile, treats gravity as a property of space and time itself — it can bend, flatten, and support waves that travel through it, as gravitational wave detectors have confirmed.
Mechanisms and Target Parameters in Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Physical Exercise: Focus on the Master Triad of Hormonal Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age with heterogeneous prevalence. It is well known that female reproductive competence depends on the dynamic regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis; therefore, disruption of this highly regulated system leads to fertility problems. Among disruptors, both oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to an increased LH-FSH ratio and a consequent hyperandrogenism. Shifts in this bidirectional interplay between the neuroendocrine system and oxidative/inflammatory homeostasis result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and inflammatory markers as well as alterations in antioxidant defense mechanisms.