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Gene activity in blood fluctuates more than expected—and that has consequences for medicine

Take a blood sample from someone in the dead of winter. Take another in midsummer. Same person, same laboratory. And yet, at the level of gene activity, the molecular picture can look surprisingly different. This is not an anomaly. This, a new Nature Communications study argues, is simply how human biology works, and it has significant implications for the way biomarkers have traditionally been studied.

Researchers from Kiel University’s Excellence Cluster PMI, KU Leuven and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) in Bonn tracked 333 volunteers in Flanders over six months, drawing blood three times and measuring the activity of roughly 14,000 genes on each occasion.

What they found suggests that an important source of biological variation has been underappreciated in many clinical studies: in 85% of all genes, the variation within a single person over time is larger than the variation between different people. In other words, for most genes, the largest differences are observed between two time points in the same individual rather than between different individuals.

From one frontier to another: The quantum revolution

Manchester’s quantum researchers are building on the Ferranti Mark I legacy, using ultra-pure silicon and single atoms to move quantum computing closer to real-world impact.

In February 1951, a machine the size of a room arrived at the University of Manchester.

The Ferranti Mark I, the world’s first commercially available general-purpose computer, came with 4,000 vacuum tubes, 100,000 soldered joints and six miles (10 kilometers) of wires. The 27 kilowatts of power it needed to operate is the equivalent of running roughly 600 midrange laptops today, yet at the time, it must have felt miraculous.

A new ‘golden age’ of mathematics may be dawning, thanks to AI and human ingenuity

In May 2026, OpenAI released a new math result that sent shock waves throughout the world of mathematical research. A major unsolved problem called the “unit distance conjecture” had just been resolved by generative AI.

Since then, there has been a steady drumbeat of new results that either partially or completely leverage artificial intelligence to solve research-level mathematics problems. However, most new math results published in any given month are still generated by humans.

So where is this going? How good, and how quickly, will AI capabilities grow? Will most mathematical research be predominantly artificial intelligence? Or, as some mathematicians suggest, will AI combine with human ingenuity and other computer tools to create a golden age of mathematics?

Could alien signals be hiding on a different radio channel?

Astronomers searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence may have been missing alien signals in part of the radio spectrum that has not recently been explored.

Most radio SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) surveys have focused on frequencies between 1.42 and 1.66 GHz. This range is known as the “water hole” because it lies between the natural radio frequencies emitted by hydrogen and hydroxyl, two molecules whose combination forms water.

Scientists have long thought that this relatively quiet part of the radio spectrum would be a logical place to communicate, as a technologically advanced civilization might recognize the significance of hydrogen and hydroxyl and be likely to transmit and listen there.

Materials surrounding a fusion reaction can dramatically increase how often it occurs

Fusion at high temperatures powers the sun and, if harnessed, could provide a potential source of energy here on Earth. But controlling fusion reactions has other benefits. The process also generates subatomic particles called neutrons that are used in a range of applications spanning medicine, research and national security.

Scientists at the University of California, Davis, and the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have found that the materials surrounding a fusion reaction can dramatically increase how often it occurs, particularly at low energies where fusion is rare. Their study is published in Nature Communications. The study’s first author is Micah Karahadian, a doctoral candidate in Munday’s lab at UC Davis.

Their approach establishes a way to study and engineer nuclear reactions within solid materials, opening a new field of “materials-driven fusion.” Instead of designing materials just to survive the harsh conditions of fusion, researchers might be able to design materials that boost the reaction under specific conditions, similar to the way catalysts speed up chemical processes.

Molecular clock transitions tune out the noise in the hunt for new physics

Heavy polar molecules are some of the most sensitive tools physicists have for probing what lies beyond the Standard Model, the theory that describes the particles and forces we know about. But turning that sensitivity into precise, trustworthy measurements has long been held back by one stubborn problem: Stray electric and magnetic fields drown out the tiny signals researchers are actually looking for.

In new research published in Physical Review X, a team led by Yuiki Takahashi at the California Institute of Technology has found a way around this, engineering molecular states that can consistently tune out this electromagnetic noise.

Machine learning narrows search for additional particles in the Higgs boson family

What if the Higgs boson found in 2012 is not alone but is the only sibling we have encountered so far? Scientists at CERN discovered the particle that year, and it was a major discovery because it explained how other particles acquire mass. For a long time, scientists thought this was the final piece of the puzzle.

They have a framework called the Standard Model that describes the smallest particles in everything we see. This includes electrons in atoms and light particles called photons. However, this framework does not explain everything. It does not tell us about dark matter or why the universe has so much more matter than antimatter. It is like having a map that shows only half the world.

The discovery of the Higgs boson created new questions. Many physicists started wondering whether the Higgs we found is the only one of its kind. They began to ask whether there is a larger family of these particles hiding in the universe. If we find more members of this family, we might finally understand the parts of nature that the current framework misses.

Chocolate syrup-like fluid stores multiple interacting memories

Animals and electronic devices aren’t the only things with memory. Materials can retain memories of past deformations in their microscopic structure. A common example is a crease in a sheet of paper that has been folded then unfolded. Understanding this type of memory could benefit the design of materials that respond to changes in their environment in predictable ways.

It can also be a source of ideas about the various types of memory studied by neuroscientists, including how short-term and long-term memories interact and influence each other. Now, researchers at Penn State have shown that two different types of material memory can coexist in a simple mixture of small particles suspended in a viscous liquid. Like long-and short-term memories, these material memories interact and compete.

A paper describing the research was recently published and highlighted as an editors’ suggestion in the journal Physical Review Letters.

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