Lifeboat Foundation

It’s not easy being a “theory of everything.” A TOE has the very tough job of fitting gravity into the quantum laws of nature in such a way that, on large scales, gravity looks like curves in the fabric of space-time, as Albert Einstein described in his general theory of relativity. Somehow, space-time curvature emerges as the collective effect of quantized units of gravitational energy — particles known as gravitons. But naive attempts to calculate how gravitons interact result in nonsensical infinities, indicating the need for a deeper understanding of gravity.

String theory (or, more technically, M-theory) is often described as the leading candidate for the theory of everything in our universe. But there’s no empirical evidence for it, or for any alternative ideas about how gravity might unify with the rest of the fundamental forces. Why, then, is string/M-theory given the edge over the others?

The theory famously posits that gravitons, as well as electrons, photons and everything else, are not point-particles but rather imperceptibly tiny ribbons of energy, or “strings,” that vibrate in different ways. Interest in string theory soared in the mid-1980s, when physicists realized that it gave mathematically consistent descriptions of quantized gravity. But the five known versions of string theory were all “perturbative,” meaning they broke down in some regimes. Theorists could calculate what happens when two graviton strings collide at high energies, but not when there’s a confluence of gravitons extreme enough to form a black hole.

Continue reading “Why Is M-Theory the Leading Candidate for Theory of Everything?” »

These actively volcanic islands are home to fascinating creatures found nowhere else on Earth, like marine iguanas and giant tortoises. https://on.natgeo.com/2xatIdd

Machine-learning algorithms are helping to unravel the quantum behaviour of a type of superconductor that has baffled physicists for decades.

Researchers used artificial intelligence to spot hidden order in images of a bizarre state in high-temperature superconductors.

Not the end, but interesting… Also, note that hupercanes are possible products of some mathematical instability, where the speed start to grow almost unlimited after some threshold. Buts Cat 6 is not a hypercane, as in the hypercane winds will be 500 mph.

There is no such thing as a category 6 hurricane or tropical storm — yet. But a combination of warmer oceans and more water in the atmosphere could make the devastation of 2017 pale in comparison .

The SpaceX founder Elon Musk plans to blast a tourist around the moon in a new launch system called Big Falcon Rocket, or BFR: a giant spaceship and rocket…

Carbon dioxide is society’s ultimate waste product: We inject billions of tons of it into the air every year. Now, researchers have found two efficient ways to recycle CO₂ into energy-rich fuels. # Science MagArchives

Carbon dioxide–splitting techniques could store excess electricity from renewable sources.

A well-known biohacker wants to help you channel your inner geneticist.

A famed biohackers is selling a kit that allows anyone to genetically engineer mutant frogs that are more massive than their natural counterparts.

Could a planet ever collide with Earth?

The universe is a big place, so when we get beautiful images from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, they cover a very small spot in the sky that may not fully represent what the universe at large looks like. To change that, we’re expanding our view by significantly enlarging the area covered around huge galaxy clusters previously seen to get a better look at the universe. Take a look: https://go.nasa.gov/2QAw5hc