The search for the origin of life on earth goes on.
Simulations of the crust of early Earth show that cycles of pressure caused by geysers or tidal forces could have generated cell-like structures and even very simple proteins.
Continue reading “Protocells on early Earth may have been formed by squeezing geysers” »
Most alcohol enters the bloodstream via the mucous membrane layer of the stomach and the intestines. These days, the consequences of this are undisputed: even small amounts of alcohol impair people’s ability to concentrate and to react, increasing the risk of accidents.
“It is nonsensical to say that an LLM has feelings,” Hagendorff says. “It is nonsensical to say that it is self-aware or that it has intentions. But I don’t think it is nonsensical to say that these machines are able to learn or to deceive.”
Brain scans
Other researchers are taking tips from neuroscience to explore the inner workings of LLMs. To examine how chatbots deceive, Andy Zou, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and his collaborators interrogated LLMs and looked at the activation of their ‘neurons’. “What we do here is similar to performing a neuroimaging scan for humans,” Zou says. It’s also a bit like designing a lie detector.
For decades, philosopher Nick Bostrom (director of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford) has led the conversation around technology and human experience (and grabbed the attention of the tech titans who are developing AI – Bill Gates, Elon Musk, and Sam Altman).
Now, a decade after his NY Times bestseller S uperintelligence warned us of what could go wrong with AI development, he flips the script in his new book Deep Utopia: Life and Meaning in a Solved World (March 27), asking us to instead consider “What could go well?”
Ronan recently spoke to Professor Nick Bostrom.
The desktop-sized LPU100 eschews traditional electronics and qubits in favor of lasers, and it can reportedly perform complex AI calculations in nanoseconds.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) have achieved a breakthrough in surpassing the limitations of traditional acoustic metalenses. They have successfully developed the first wide field-of-hearing metalens. Their research has been published in Nature Communications.
Gravitational waves can be lensed by massive galaxies so that they repeat, like an echo. Scientists are now readying to snare their first one and explore the cosmic secrets it holds.
The advent of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 has sparked excitement around enhancing them with multimodal capabilities to understand visual data alongside text. However, previous efforts to create powerful multimodal LLMs have faced challenges in scaling up efficiently while maintaining performance. To mitigate these issues, the researchers took inspiration from the mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture, widely used to scale up LLMs by replacing dense layers with sparse expert modules.
In the MoE approach, instead of passing inputs through a single large model, there are many smaller expert sub-models that each specialize on a subset of the data. A routing network determines which expert(s) should process each input example. It allows scaling up total model capacity in a more parameter-efficient way.
In their approach (shown in Figure 2), CuMo, the researchers integrated sparse MoE blocks into the vision encoder and the vision-language connector of a multimodal LLM. This allows different expert modules to process different parts of the visual and text inputs in parallel rather than relying on a monolithic model to analyze everything.
Andrea Gallo Rosso, Stockholm University A ghost is haunting our universe. This has been known in astronomy and cosmology for decades. Observations suggest that about 85% of all the matter in the universe is mysterious and invisible. These two qualities are reflected in its name: dark matter. Several experiments have aimed to unveil what it’s made of, but despite decades of searching, scientists have come up short. Now our new experiment, under construction at Yale University in the US, is offering a new tactic.
Scientists have recently discovered thousands of active RNA molecules that can control the human body.
By Philip Ball
Thomas Gingeras did not intend to upend basic ideas about how the human body works. In 2012 the geneticist, now at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York State, was one of a few hundred colleagues who were simply trying to put together a compendium of human DNA functions. Their project was called ENCODE, for the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements. About a decade earlier almost all of the three billion DNA building blocks that make up the human genome had been identified. Gingeras and the other ENCODE scientists were trying to figure out what all that DNA did.
