Ever wondered what the Sun looked like in its infancy?
A new image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured what Earth’s sun looked like when it was only a few tens of thousands of years old.
Hospital staff spend a significant amount of time working to protect patients from acquiring infections while they are being cared for in the hospital. They employ various methods from hand hygiene to isolation rooms to rigorous environmental sanitation. Despite these efforts, hospital-onset infections still occur—the most common of which is caused by the bacterium Clostridioides difficile, or C. diff, the culprit of almost half a million infections in the U.S. each year.
Surprising findings from a study in Nature Medicine suggest that the burden of C. diff infection may be less a matter of hospital transmission and more a result of characteristics associated with the patients themselves.
The study team, led by Evan Snitkin, Ph.D. and Vincent Young, M.D., Ph.D., both members of the Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases at University of Michigan Medical School and Mary Hayden, M.D. of Rush University Medical Center, leveraged ongoing epidemiological studies focused on hospital-acquired infections that enabled them to analyze daily fecal samples from every patient within the intensive care unit at Rush University Medical Center over a nine-month period.
NASA is edging closer to the conclusion of its ambitious seven-year mission, aiming to prevent a catastrophic collision of a massive asteroid named Bennu with Earth. Recent findings have indicated that there’s a 1 in 2,700 chance of Bennu slamming into Earth on September 24, 2182.
Roughly the size of the iconic Empire State Building, Bennu spans about a third of a mile wide. The potential aftermath of its predicted collision with Earth could equate to the explosive energy of 22 atomic bombs.
The asteroid makes its presence felt by passing Earth approximately every six years. However, scientists anticipate that its most perilous close encounter could be a mere 159 years away.
Singapore’s first electric cargo vessel is due to start sea trials and launch in the fourth quarter, according to Yinson Green Technologies, part of a consortium chosen by the city-state to help electrify marine craft.
The Hydromover, developed by the Goal Zero consortium, is near completion, YGT Chief Executive Officer Eirik Barclay said in an interview in Kuala Lumpur this week. YGT will also be introducing an electric vessel for transferring crew — developed with Norwegian startup Lift Ocean AS — by the end of the year, Barclay said. That craft is called the Hydroglyder.
“We want to be part of all associated services with clean electric vessels, starting with Singapore,” Barclay said. YGT is a subsidiary of Malaysia-listed Yinson Holdings Bhd. Yinson shares have risen about 3% this year.
By regularly patrolling the property, armed guards prevent potential crimes simply by being present. Security patrols involve reviewing and monitoring the premises to ensure they are safe from potential threats.
However, foot patrol guards travel slowly and carry limited equipment. Due to this, the guard’s range and area coverage are relatively restricted. Patrolling guards also need help to do their duty in harsh weather conditions.
Continue reading “Meet Ascento Guard, a new autonomous security patrolling robot” »
A startup by prominent biochemist David Liu seeks to turn hollowed out viruses into CRISPR-delivery vehicles.
Year 2023 😗
Data from patients with AMD, retinal dystrophies, and diabetic retinopathy indicate an important role of immune cells, including microglia, in the pathogenesis of these retinal diseases1. The accumulation of drusen components provides an environment rich in chemoattractants for microglia and leads to their translocation to the subretinal space in AMD2,4. The involvement of microglia in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the promotion of proinflammatory cytokine secretion has been confirmed in in vitro and animal studies11,12,14. In patients with retinal dystrophies like retinitis pigmentosa, it has been shown that microglia become activated in response to signals from degenerating rod photoreceptors and migrate to the outer retinal layers4. There, they participate in the phagocytosis of debris and dying cells and secrete proinflammatory factors. Mouse models of retinal degeneration (e.g. rd1, rd7, rd8, and rd10 models) confirm many of these conclusions9,10,13,15, but make it clear that the role of microglia may also be homeostatic, depending on both stimuli and anatomical location within the retina7,20. Activated microglia are observed at all the stages of human diabetic retinopathy3,8 and also feature prominently in many animal models of the disease44,45. Finally, accumulations of activated microglia are also seen in a variety of animal models of retinal degeneration, including light-induced retinal degeneration and models based on complement dysregulation34,46,47.
The pathways regulating immune surveillance, cell trafficking, and neuroinflammation in the retina are not well understood. A large number of molecules and processes have been implicated, ranging from chemokines involved in chemotaxis, cytokines involved in activation, factors that regulate oxidative stress and complement activation, and immunoregulatory proteins. In such a complex biological system, the unbiased nature of a forward genetics approach is particularly valuable in identifying genes affecting these immune cell processes. Furthermore, the accumulation of subretinal microglia, visible as or correlated with the accumulation of fundus spots, can serve as a marker for retinal pathology and thus as a screen for genes essential to retinal homeostasis. Our approach here has two important advantages relative to all prior forward genetics studies of the retina: 1. We are systematically applying a semiquantitative fundus spot scale to fundus photographs, and 2. Our pipeline is the only one in which all mice screened are G3 mice that have been pre-genotyped at all mutant loci. Our unbiased identification of 6 gene-phenotype associations to retinal pathology with strong literature support using our fundus spot scale screen is proof of concept supporting the efficacy of our approach. We identified other associations that had not been reported in the literature at the time of the screening. From those, we first concentrated our efforts on the gene Lipe, partly because the fundus spot scale was the only parameter leading to its identification.
Crispr used in mice to reverse vision loss 😀.
Qin and colleagues develop a genome-editing tool characterized by the versatility of prime editors and unconstrained PAM requirement of SpRY. In vivo gene corre.
Year 2020 Immortality in eyes achieved with Nad plus 😗😁😘.
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide with significant health and societal burdens. To date, no clinical cures are available and treatments target only the manageable symptoms and risk factors (but do not remediate the underlying pathology of the disease). Both diseases are neurodegenerative in their pathology of the retina and as such many of the events that trigger cell dysfunction, degeneration, and eventual loss are due to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we critically review how a decreased bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; a crucial metabolite in healthy and disease states) may underpin many of these aberrant mechanisms. We propose how exogenous sources of NAD may become a therapeutic standard for the treatment of these conditions.
Recovery teams participate in field rehearsals in preparation for the retrieval of the sample return capsule from NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission at the Department of Defense’s Utah Test and Training Range. The sample was collected from the asteroid Bennu in October 2020 by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft and will return to Earth on September 24th, landing under parachute at the Utah Test and Training Range. Credit: NASA/Keegan Barber.
The OSIRIS-REx team also thought a lot about conditions on the ground itself. Late summer is monsoon season in the desert, so heavy rains could saturate the silty ground. Wet-cement-like mud would make driving difficult if off-road vehicles are required to help helicopters find and transport the capsule.
“We should know by the end of monsoon season how much precipitation we’ve received and the condition of the salt flats,” said Eric Nelson, a U.S. Army meteorologist supporting the mission. “A good indicator is Bonneville Speed Week, an annual racing event in August.” Since it went off without a hitch, “we’re probably okay.”
