If collective intelligence enhances the chance of survival, then we need as much of it as possible…
The Web (called at times The World-Wide Web, WWW, W3, cyberspace, and the information superhighway) is the most recent in a series of communications revolutions. Stretching back through television, radio, telephone (and its precursor the telegraph), newspapers, the printing press, the invention of writing, and the evolution of human speech, these innovations revolutionized society, and made us better informed and, hopefully, smarter.
Genesis of the Web. More than its precursor communications revolutions, the Web brings to fruition a long-standing dream of information connectedness. According to Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee et al. in 1994, “The Word-Wide Web (W3) was developed to be a pool of human knowledge”. The Web has “overflowed this original goal to become a vast sea” (as put by Montfort and Wardrip-Fruin). Sir Tim was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004 in recognition. But the dream has a storied history predating Berners-Lee, who created the Web at CERN, the Swiss birthplace not only of the Web but also of the Large Hadron Collider, the world’s most powerful particle accelerator (“atom smasher”).
Earlier visionaries foresaw the potential for general, customized access to the vastness of the world’s information. In the 1960s Doug Engelbart built the first hypertext system, in which text contains links to other texts — the hyperlink idea that makes the Web possible. As for clicking those links? Well, Engelbart also invented the mouse! On his first day back to work after becoming engaged in 1950 he had an initial epiphany in which he visualized his career as a “long, long hallway, …almost featureless.” Over a period of months he pondered this apparently unnerving realization until his final epiphany: “What if I could contribute something significant to how humanity could cope better with complex sorts of problems? … BANGO!” But how? Vannevar Bush’s famous 1945 Atlantic Monthly article “As we may think” became a key piece in the solution to that puzzle. Engelbart got to work and never stopped.
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