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Violating the 3rd law of black hole mechanics in vacuum gravity

Black holes, regions in space where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape, have been widely studied over the past decades, due to their unique and intriguing properties. Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicts that black holes obey a set of rules, known as the laws of black hole mechanics. These rules somewhat resemble the laws of thermodynamics, which delineate how energy, heat, and entropy behave in our universe.

The 3rd law of black hole mechanics states that an extremal black hole, or in other words, a black hole that is spinning or charged to its absolute theoretical limit, cannot realistically form in a finite amount of time.

Extremal black holes are predicted to have a surface gravity of zero, thus they do not emit standard Hawking radiation and would not evaporate in a vacuum. This specific characteristic of extremal black holes is known as “zero temperature.”

Distant blazar OP 313 emits very high-energy gamma rays above 100 GeV

An international team of astronomers have employed one of the Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) at the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) to observe a distant blazar known as OP 313. Results of the observational campaign, published May 26 on the arXiv preprint server, shed more light on the behavior and nature of this object.

Blazars are extremely compact quasi-stellar objects (quasars) associated with supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of active, giant elliptical galaxies. They are the most luminous and extreme subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The characteristic features of blazars are highly collimated relativistic jets oriented very close to our line of sight.

Based on their optical emission properties, astronomers generally divide blazars into two classes: flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) that feature prominent and broad optical emission lines, and BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), which do not.

Study Suggests Spacetime Can Crystallize Possibly Solving Several Mysteries

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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about crystallization of spacetime.
Links:
https://journals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1
#science #physics #spacetime.

0:00 Can spacetime crystallize?
0:35 So what is this then?
1:55 Let’s define the main terms and phenomena: spacetime.
2:30 Crystals.
2:55 Spacetime crystal.
3:50 Previous challenges and propositions.
5:10 Main achievement in the study.
6:10 What does any of this mean for us?
7:10 Solving singularity and quantum gravity?
8:05 Explaining dark matter?
8:45 JWST observations.
9:28 Any proof? Gravitational waves!
11:55 Conclusions.

Enjoy and please subscribe.

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What If Scientists Already PROVED We’re In A Simulation?| Truth By Lisa Randall

If Scientists Already PROVED We’re In A Simulation?
Bell’s theorem. Maldacena’s holographic proof. Wheeler’s participatory universe.
Three independent bodies of peer-reviewed physics — all pointing at the same unsettling answer.
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Bell’s theorem. Maldacena’s holographic proof. Wheeler’s participatory universe.
Three independent bodies of peer-reviewed physics — all pointing at the same unsettling answer.
What if the simulation hypothesis isn’t a thought experiment? What if the physics we already have — quantum entanglement, the holographic principle, the measurement problem — is the proof?
In this video, Harvard theoretical physicist Lisa Randall walks through the three experiments and mathematical proofs that, taken together, describe a universe that functions in every measurable way like a simulation. Not as metaphor. As structure.
We cover:
→ Alain Aspect’s 1982 Bell test experiment and what it actually proved about local reality.
→ The Bekenstein-Hawking holographic bound — why information scales with surface area, not volume.
→ Maldacena’s AdS/CFT correspondence — the proof that a 3D universe is dual to a 2D information system.
→ Wheeler’s delayed choice experiment and the participatory universe.
→ What the fine-tuning problem looks like inside a simulation framework.
→ Why you — the observer — are not peripheral to the physics. You are part of the mechanism.
This is Episode 1 of The Proof Series — a weekly deep-dive into peer-reviewed science that challenges everything you think you know about reality.
New episode every Thursday.
— Lisa Randall is a theoretical physicist and professor at Harvard University, author of Warped Passages and Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, and one of the most cited physicists alive.
#SimulationTheory #QuantumPhysics #HolographicUniverse.
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3. TIMESTAMPS / CHAPTERS
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00:00 — The proof nobody is talking about.
01:10 — What \

This Giant Ring In Space Poses A Massive Problem For Cosmology

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Scientists say that they’ve just detected a massive cloud of gas some 3 billion lightyears in diameter, floating in space roughly 7 billion light years away from us. This is pretty cool, but the problem is that our current models of the universe say that it (and other massive structures like it) just shouldn’t exist. Let’s take a look.

Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.

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#science #sciencenews #space #physics

Dormant black hole revives in under three years, brightening 10-fold in nearby galaxy

Astronomers monitoring a nearby active galaxy for six years have watched its supermassive black hole dramatically wake up, brightening by a factor of 10 across ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths. The paper outlining the study was posted to the preprint server arXiv on May 18.

In active galactic nuclei (AGN), material spiraling into the central black hole releases enormous amounts of energy. The accretion disk—a swirling ring of hot gas—radiates this energy primarily in optical and ultraviolet (UV) light. Additionally, a separate region of extremely hot plasma sits above the disk. It is called the corona, which is responsible for the X-ray emission.

Understanding how these two components relate to each other and how they evolve as a black hole’s feeding rate changes remains an open problem.

A giant star may have destroyed itself in one of the universe’s rarest explosions

Astronomers may have discovered one of the clearest examples yet of a rare “pair-instability” supernova. It is a catastrophic explosion thought to completely destroy some of the most massive stars in the universe, leaving behind no remnant. The paper outlining the properties of this rare explosion was posted to the arXiv preprint server on May 15.

The event, SN 2023vbw, was first detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility in October 2023 in the outskirts of a small, metal-poor dwarf galaxy about 1.3 billion light-years away. It was tentatively classified as a Type II supernova—the kind produced when a massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel, collapses under gravity, and explodes. But several of its properties refused to fit that picture.

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