Du et al. demonstrate that AARS1-mediated STAT1 K193 lactylation blocks JAK2 binding and STAT1 phosphorylation, which impairs IFN-γ signaling, reducing chemokine expression and promoting immune escape. Inhibition of this modification with the cell-penetrating peptide K193-pe restores IFN-γ responsiveness, enhances CD8+ T cell recruitment, and improves immune checkpoint therapy efficacy.
Every thought, memory, and feeling we experience depends on trillions of tiny connection points in the brain called synapses. These are the junctions where one neuron passes signals to another, forming the vast communication network known as the connectome—the brain’s wiring diagram. Although scientists have developed powerful tools to increase or decrease neural activity, directly redesigning the brain’s physical wiring has remained far more difficult.
A research team led by Dr. Sangkyu Lee and Director C. Justin Lee at the Center for Memory and Glioscience within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), in collaboration with Dr. Kea Joo Lee of the Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), has now developed a molecular tool that makes such structural editing possible. The new platform, called SynTrogo (Synthetic Trogocytosis), enables researchers to induce astrocytes to selectively remodel synaptic connections in a targeted brain circuit. The paper is published in the journal Nature Communications.
The brain already has a natural mechanism for refining its wiring. During development and throughout life, unneeded or weak connections are removed in a process known as synaptic pruning, much like trimming unnecessary branches from a tree. This pruning is partly carried out by astrocytes—star-shaped glial cells that closely surround synapses and help maintain the neural environment. When this process becomes dysregulated, either through too much or too little pruning, it has been linked to disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and Alzheimer’s disease.
What happens to matter when gravity crushes it beyond the breaking point? Inside a neutron star, atoms are destroyed. Electrons are forced into protons. Nuclei dissolve into a sea of neutrons. And at the very center, even neutrons themselves may break apart into quarks — forming exotic states of matter that physicists still can’t fully explain.
In this video, we go inside a neutron star layer by layer. From the crystalline outer crust where neutron-rich nuclei sit in a lattice denser than anything on Earth, through the bizarre nuclear pasta phases where matter forms sheets, tubes, and bubbles of nuclear material, into the superfluid outer core where neutrons flow without friction and protons conduct without resistance, and finally into the mysterious inner core where densities reach five to ten times that of an atomic nucleus and the very concept of a \.
Most diabetes patients must carefully monitor their blood sugar levels and inject insulin multiple times per day, to help keep their blood sugar from getting too high. As a possible alternative to those injections, MIT researchers are developing an implantable device that contains insulin-producing cells. The device encapsulates the cells, protecting them from immune rejection, and it also carries an onboard oxygen generator to keep the cells healthy.
This device, the researchers hope, could offer a way to achieve long-term control of type 1 diabetes. In a new study, they showed that these encapsulated pancreatic islet cells could survive in the body for at least 90 days. In mice that received the implants, the cells remained functional and produced enough insulin to control the animals’ blood sugar levels.
“Islet cell therapy can be a transformative treatment for patients. However, current methods also require immune suppression, which for some people can be really debilitating,” says Daniel Anderson, a professor in MIT’s Department of Chemical Engineering and a member of MIT’s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science. “Our goal is to find a way to give patients the benefit of cell therapy without the need for immune suppression.”
High-energy particles called galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) bombard unprotected objects in space, often causing damage. Earth, however, is protected by its magnetic field, which creates a protective shell around the planet that can deflect dangerous charged particles, like GCRs.
The moon is known to pass through the tail-like part of Earth’s magnetosphere, but a new study, published in Science Advances, suggests the moon might experience additional protection at another point in its orbit. Although this pocket of protection exists when the moon is outside of the magnetosphere, researchers believe the effects are still due to Earth’s magnetic field.
An anomalous dip in particle counts When the research team analyzed data taken from the Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry (LND), onboard China’s Chang’E-4 lander, they were surprised to find that the LND experienced a 20% dip in GCR particles hitting detectors while the lander was on the moon’s far side. This occurred at a specific time during the lunar “morning” and only for about 2 days each lunar cycle. Since the LND took data over 31 cycles, the team could see that this was not just a one-off occurrence. This was unexpected because it was previously assumed that GCRs are evenly distributed in the space between Earth and the moon, outside Earth’s magnetosphere.
The state of Kentucky produces 95% of the world’s bourbon, and all that bourbon leaves behind an enormous amount of waste grain, called stillage. Now, researchers at the University of Kentucky have developed a process to transform that stillage into electrodes. With the bourbon byproduct electrodes, they created supercapacitors that could store more nergy than similarly sized commercial devices. The researchers will present their results at the spring meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS Spring 2026), held in Atlanta from March 22 to 26.
Turning bourbon stillage into carbon Josiel Barrios Cossio, a graduate student who will be presenting the work, first learned about the scale of American whiskey’s waste problem while working on a research traineeship to examine food, energy and water issues in Kentucky. “From the final volume of bourbon produced, you get 6 to 10 times that amount of stillage as waste,” says Barrios Cossio, “so it’s a big deal.”
This stillage is a sloppy mash that’s typically sold to farmers as livestock feed or a soil additive. But it is difficult to transport while wet, and it is expensive to dry.
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That the universe is fine-tuned for life, with multiple physical laws required to be within small ranges, is generally accepted. But can we then make the additional argument that the universe is somehow required to contain consciousness? Such a conclusion may not follow. But the key question is this: Is consciousness wholly contingent or somehow special?
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Lawrence Maxwell Krauss is a Canadian-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist who is a Foundation Professor of the School of Earth and Space Exploration, and director of the Origins Project at Arizona State University.
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If the deep laws of the universe had been ever so slightly different human beings wouldn’t, and couldn’t, exist. All explanations of this exquisite fine-tuning, obvious and not-so-obvious, have problems or complexities. Natural or supernatural, that is the question.
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Martin John Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow, is a British cosmologist and astrophysicist. He has been Astronomer Royal since 1995 and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 2004 to 2012. He was President of the Royal Society between 2005 and 2010.
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Although radioresistant and circulating tumor cell survival has been attributed to altered metabolism, the metabolic impact of radiation therapy on stromal cells is unknown. Corn et al. demonstrate radiation-induced mitochondrial and metabolic changes in fibroblasts that are regulated by autophagy and drive growth in triple-negative breast cancer.
The importance of diet and lifestyle in maintaining overall health has long been recognised. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in the intricate interplay between health and disease. This study, including 305 participants, examined the role of miRNAs from capillary blood as indicators of individual physiological characteristics, diet, and lifestyle influences. Key findings include specific miRNAs associated with inflammatory processes and dietary patterns. Notably, miR-155 was associated with subjects with metabolic diseases and upregulated in age. Additionally, the study revealed diet-related miRNA expressions: high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains correlated with increased levels of miR-let-7a and miR-328, both implicated in anti-inflammatory pathways, and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory miR-21.