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Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidative Amination of Internal α,β-Unsaturated Esters with Lewis Basic AminesClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!

Chiral amines are privileged chiral building blocks with extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, advanced materials, and asymmetric catalysis owing to their unique structural features and functional diversity. Although palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic C–H amination offers an efficient strategy for constructing these motifs, the simultaneous challenges of coordinating sterically hindered internal alkenes and suppressing catalyst deactivation by Lewis basic amines have severely limited the development of asymmetric oxidative amination systems. In this study, we disclose a novel ester, an unmodified native functional group-directed strategy that enables the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric oxidative allylic amination of internal α,β-unsaturated esters with basic amines. This protocol yields a diverse array of non-natural γ-amino acid derivatives with excellent yields and high enantioselectivity (93% to >99% e.e.). Comprehensive mechanistic investigations, incorporating controlled experiments and density functional theory calculations, elucidate the intricate reaction pathway. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated through various product derivatizations and the streamlined synthesis of bioactive compounds. This work establishes a general platform for accessing enantioenriched nitrogen-containing architectures from readily available alkenes and amines.

Watching quantum behavior in action: MagnetoARPES reveals time-reversal symmetry breaking in a kagome superconductor

Electron movement and structures described in quantum physics allow researchers to better understand how and why materials like superconductors behave as they do. Rice University researchers Jianwei Huang and Ming Yi have developed a new capability, magnetoARPES, building on angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) that allows researchers to study quantum behaviors they have been unable to resolve using ARPES alone. The work has been published in Nature Physics.

MagnetoARPES adds a tunable magnetic field, external to the sample, to ARPES. This allows researchers to probe the full electronic response to a magnetic field, giving insights into why certain collective behaviors of electrons develop.

Magnetic fields have, historically, been excluded from ARPES experiments, but over the course of a few years of experimentation and simulations, Yi’s team found a viable way to incorporate this capability into the ARPES sample environment.

Oval orbit casts new light on black hole–neutron star mergers

Scientists have uncovered the first robust evidence of a black hole and neutron star crashing together but orbiting in an oval path rather than a perfect circle just before they merged. This discovery challenges long-standing assumptions about how these cosmic pairs form and evolve.

Researchers from the University of Birmingham, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics published their findings today (11 Mar) in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Most neutron star-black hole pairs are expected to adopt circular orbits long before merging. But the analysis of the gravitational-wave event GW200105 shows that this system traveled on an oval orbit long before merging to form a black hole 13 times more massive than the sun. An oval orbit is something never seen before in this kind of collision.

Abstract: In 2015, Philip M

Murphy & colleagues reported on a patient with WHIM syndrome who was cured of the disease by a spontaneous somatic genetic event that deleted the mutant CXCR4 allele in a single hematopoietic stem cell.

Here, the team now show CRISPR silencing of the Cxcr4 overactive disease allele corrects leukopenia in a murine model of WHIM syndrome, demonstrating a new therapeutic strategy for dominant immune disorders.


Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

New cellular immunotherapy approach for Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease starts with a sticky protein called amyloid beta that builds up into plaques in the brain, setting off a chain of events that results in brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Microglia, immune cells that reside in the brain, are responsible for removing brain waste but can become dysfunctional when overwhelmed in the context of neurodegenerative disease.

To reduce the cleaning burden on microglia, first author transformed astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, into amyloid-cleaning machines. The author custom-designed and delivered a gene to astrocytes that codes for the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) via a harmless virus injected into mice. The CAR, now present on the surface of astrocytes, enabled the cells to capture and engulf amyloid beta proteins. With their newly acquired ability, the astrocytes — generally responsible for keeping the brain tidy — concentrated their efforts on only cleaning amyloid beta plaques in mice prone to its buildup.

Mice carrying genetic mutations that increase people’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease develop amyloid beta plaques that saturate the brain by six months of age. The author injected two groups of mice with the virus carrying the CAR-expressing gene: young mice before they developed plaques and older mice with brains saturated with plaques, then, waited three months.

As the younger mice aged, the CAR-astrocytes prevented amyloid beta plaque development. At nearly six months of age, when untreated mice normally have brains saturated with harmful plaques, brains of treated mice were plaque-free. Meanwhile, older mice with plaque-saturated brains at the time of treatment saw a 50% reduction in the amount of amyloid beta plaques compared to mice receiving an injection of a virus lacking the CAR gene.

The researchers have filed a patent related to the approach used to engineer CAR-astrocytes.

“Consistent with the antibody drug treatments, this new CAR-astrocyte immunotherapy is more effective when given in the earlier stages of the disease,” said a co-author on the paper. “But where it differs, and where it could make a difference in clinical care, is in the single injection that successfully reduced the amount of harmful brain proteins in mice.” ScienceMission sciencenewshighlights.


Fluticasone- vs Budesonide-Based Dual Therapy for COPD

In this cohort study of ICS-LABA therapy in patients with COPD, fluticasone furoate–vilanterol was associated with similar or slightly improved clinical outcomes compared with budesonide-formoterol and fluticasone propionate–salmeterol.


This cohort study was approved by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was waived because the analysis used deidentified data. The protocol was preregistered with the Center for Open Science (https://osf.io/yp2kh) before the analyses were implemented. The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline.

Should we target the mitochondria in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

In this Research Article, Denis Comte & team link defective mitochondrial recycling to impaired natural killer cell function in SLE and identify potential treatments to restore immune balance:

The image shows transmission electron microscopy of an NK cell from a patient with lupus showing mitochondrial structural alterations (false-colored red). Inset: healthy NK cell with preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure.


1Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

2Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.

Long-Term Treatment With Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibitor Tocilizumab in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Associated Disease

This longitudinal, retrospective study found that the interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab shows promise as a potentially effective treatment in MOGAD, and its subcutaneous administration may improve long-term therapy adherence.


Background and Objectives.

Neural crest gene regulatory networks as drivers of development, diversification and disease

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent stem cells whose activation, migration and diversification are tightly controlled by gene regulatory networks that shape NCC function in vertebrate development, evolution, tissue repair and disease.

Genetic factors drive the link between cognitive ability and socioeconomic status

A new study of German twins suggests that the strong connection between a young adult’s cognitive ability and their future socioeconomic status is largely driven by their genes, rather than shared family environments or random life events.

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