Lifeboat Foundation

Combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) have applications in many different fields such as logistics, supply chain management, machine learning, material design and drug discovery, among others, for finding the optimal solution to complex problems. These problems are usually very computationally intensive using classical computers and thus solving COPs using quantum computers has attracted significant attention from both academia and industry.

Over the past decade, organic luminescent materials have been recognized by academia and industry alike as promising components for light, flexible and versatile optoelectronic devices such as OLED displays. However, it is a challenge to find suitably efficient materials.

To address this challenge, a joint research team has developed a novel approach combining a machine learning model with quantum-classical computational molecular design to accelerate the discovery of efficient OLED emitters. This research was published May 17 in Intelligent Computing.

The optimal OLED emitter discovered by the authors using this “hybrid quantum-classical procedure” is a deuterated derivative of Alq₃ and is both extremely efficient at emitting light and synthesizable.

A new fabrication process for helical metal nanoparticles provides a simpler, cheaper way to rapidly produce a material essential for biomedical and optical devices, according to a study by University of Michigan researchers.

A research team from City University of Hong Kong (CityU) recently successfully achieved lattice-mismatch-free construction of III-V/chalcogenide core-shell heterostructure nanowires for electronic and optoelectronic applications. This breakthrough addresses crucial technological challenges related to the lattice mismatch problem in the growth of high-quality heterostructure semiconductors, leading to enhanced carrier transport and photoelectric properties.

Nanoscale transistors are in demand for efficient digital circuits, and biasing of each device is critical. These stringent biasing conditions can be relaxed by obtaining precise values of the threshold voltages of the transistor. This leads to more tolerant logic states to the electrical noise.

To meet the requirements of reduced power consumption, CMOS field-effect transistors (FETs) are fabricated such that they operate in enhancement (E) mode, i.e., there are no free charge carriers in the channel at zero gate voltage. On the other hand, depletion (D) mode transistors have higher currents than enhancement mode due to ample charge carrier density.

In contrast to switching applications of FET, for high-frequency applications, off-state of FET is not a compulsory requirement. In fact, the presence of a channel at zero gate bias is advantageous to obtain high transconductance at lower voltages. For Si FETs, the enhancement or depletion modes were determined at the fabrication step of ion implantation doping. However, it is challenging to implement this solution for the new generation of thin materials like organic semiconductors and 2D materials.

Byreddy, O, and Choi have improved detector capabilities for compact, in-hand millimetre wave imaging devices.

Read our article:

DOI: https://bit.ly/3P0oRmJ

Related: Scientists find ‘ghost particles’ spewing from our Milky Way galaxy in landmark discovery (video)

“Because like-charged objects in a vacuum are expected to repel regardless of whether the sign of the charge they carry is positive or negative, the expectation is that like-charged particles in solution must also monotonically repel,” the researchers wrote in the paper.

Continue reading “Opposites attract? Not in new experiment that finds loophole in fundamental rule of physics” »

Invisible to the naked eye, an entire ecosystem buzzes with bioenergy.

SDPO

Don’t Use Your Data All at Once https://huggingface.co/papers/2403.

As development of large language models (LLM) progresses, aligning them with human preferences has become increasingly important.

Continue reading “SDPO: Don’t Use Your Data All at Once” »